Field-caught permethrin-resistant Anopheles gambiae overexpress CYP6P3, a P450 that metabolises pyrethroids.
Pie Müller,Emma Warr,Bradley J. Stevenson,Patricia Pignatelli,John C. Morgan,Andrew Steven,Alexander E. Yawson,Sara N. Mitchell,Hilary Ranson,Janet Hemingway,Mark J. I. Paine,Martin J. Donnelly +11 more
TL;DR: This is the first study to demonstrate the capacity of a P450 identified in wild A. gambiae to metabolise insecticides, and the findings add to the understanding of the genetic basis of insecticide resistance in wild mosquito populations.
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Abstract: Insects exposed to pesticides undergo strong natural selection and have developed various adaptive mechanisms to survive. Resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae is receiving increasing attention because it threatens the sustainability of malaria vector control programs in sub-Saharan Africa. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms conferring pyrethroid resistance gives insight into the processes of evolution of adaptive traits and facilitates the development of simple monitoring tools and novel strategies to restore the efficacy of insecticides. For this purpose, it is essential to understand which mechanisms are important in wild mosquitoes. Here, our aim was to identify enzymes that may be important in metabolic resistance to pyrethroids by measuring gene expression for over 250 genes potentially involved in metabolic resistance in phenotyped individuals from a highly resistant, wild A. gambiae population from Ghana. A cytochrome P450, CYP6P3, was significantly overexpressed in the survivors, and we show that the translated enzyme metabolises both alpha-cyano and non–alpha-cyano pyrethroids. This is the first study to demonstrate the capacity of a P450 identified in wild A. gambiae to metabolise insecticides. The findings add to the understanding of the genetic basis of insecticide resistance in wild mosquito populations.
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Citations
CYP6P9-Driven Signatures of Selective Sweep of Metabolic Resistance to Pyrethroids in the Malaria Vector Anopheles funestus Reveal Contemporary Barriers to Gene Flow.
Delia Doreen Djuicy,Jack Hearn,Magellan Tchouakui,Murielle J. Wondji,Helen Irving,Fredros O. Okumu,Charles S. Wondji +6 more
TL;DR: Reduced gene flow between southern/eastern Africa and central Africa is identified, which is due to the Great Rift Valley, and potential barriers to gene flow are likely to prevent or slow the spread of CYP6P9-based resistance mechanism to other parts of Africa.
Time-of-day specific changes in metabolic detoxification and insecticide resistance in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae.
TL;DR: Del (observed under light:dark conditions) time-of-day changes in metabolic detoxification and resistance to insecticide challenge in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes are characterized and rhythmic susceptibility to insecticides by survivorship and pesticide susceptibility is demonstrated.
Positional cloning of rp2 QTL associates the P450 genes CYP6Z1 , CYP6Z3 and CYP6M7 with pyrethroid resistance in the malaria vector Anopheles funestus
TL;DR: The characterisation of this rp2 QTL significantly improves the understanding of resistance mechanisms in A. funestus and indicates that these genes are controlling the pyrethroid resistance explained by the rp 2 QTL.
Genetic variation associated with increased insecticide resistance in the malaria mosquito, Anopheles coluzzii
TL;DR: The significant P450-related insecticide resistance observed in the 2014 An.
Impact of long-lasting, insecticidal nets on anaemia and prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum among children under five years in areas with highly resistant malaria vectors
Filémon Tokponnon,Aurore Hounto Ogouyémi,Yolande Sissinto,Arthur Sovi,Virgile Gnanguenon,Sylvie Cornelie,Adicath Adéola Adéothy,Razaki Ossè,Abel Wakpo,Dina Gbénou,Mariam Oke,D. Kinde-Gazard,Immo Kleinschmidt,Martin Akogbeto,Achille Massougbodji +14 more
TL;DR: The results of this study showed that the resistance of malaria vectors seems to date not have affected the impact of LLIns and the use of LLINs was highly associated with reduced malaria prevalence irrespective of resistance.
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