FDM-Based 3D Printing of Polymer and Associated Composite: A Review on Mechanical Properties, Defects and Treatments.
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TL;DR: The most common defects on printed parts, in particular the void formation, surface roughness and poor bonding between fibre and matrix, are explored and an inclusive discussion on the effectiveness of chemical, laser, heat and ultrasound treatments to minimize these drawbacks is provided.
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Abstract: Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is one of the fastest-growing additive manufacturing methods used in printing fibre-reinforced composites (FRC). The performances of the resulting printed parts are limited compared to those by other manufacturing methods due to their inherent defects. Hence, the effort to develop treatment methods to overcome these drawbacks has accelerated during the past few years. The main focus of this study is to review the impact of those defects on the mechanical performance of FRC and therefore to discuss the available treatment methods to eliminate or minimize them in order to enhance the functional properties of the printed parts. As FRC is a combination of polymer matrix material and continuous or short reinforcing fibres, this review will thoroughly discuss both thermoplastic polymers and FRCs printed via FDM technology, including the effect of printing parameters such as layer thickness, infill pattern, raster angle and fibre orientation. The most common defects on printed parts, in particular, the void formation, surface roughness and poor bonding between fibre and matrix, are explored. An inclusive discussion on the effectiveness of chemical, laser, heat and ultrasound treatments to minimize these drawbacks is provided by this review.
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References
Fused Deposition Technique for Continuous Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple technique for the production of continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic by fused deposition modeling, which involves a common 3D printer with quite limited modifications, is presented.
188
Increased fracture toughness of additively manufactured amorphous thermoplastics via thermal annealing
Kevin R. Hart,Ryan M. Dunn,Jennifer M. Sietins,Clara M. Hofmeister Mock,Michael E. Mackay,Eric D. Wetzel +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that thermal annealing of confined structures manufactured using the fused filament fabrication (FFF) technique dramatically increases the inter-laminar fracture toughness.
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TL;DR: It was shown that the wall permeability of a printed object depends on its geometric shape and is gradually reduced in a following series and it was demonstrated that high quality of 3D printed objects can be achieved using routinely available printers and standard filaments.
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A review on 3D printed matrix polymer composites: its potential and future challenges
TL;DR: In this article, a general introduction is given on additive manufacturing techniques mainly fused deposition modeling (FDM), powder-liquid 3D printing (PLP), selective laser sintering (SLS), stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), and robocasting.
180
3D printed fiber reinforced polymer composites - Structural analysis
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of the fiber type, fiber orientations, infill density, and temperatures on tensile, fatigue, and creep properties of continuous fiber reinforced additively manufactured (CFRAM) components are investigated.
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