Journal Article10.1021/JA301678W
Fast and selective sugar conversion to alkyl lactate and lactic acid with bifunctional carbon-silica catalysts.
Filip de Clippel,Michiel Dusselier,Ruben Van Rompaey,Pieter Vanelderen,Jan Dijkmans,E. V. Makshina,Lars Giebeler,Steffen Oswald,Gino V. Baron,Joeri Denayer,Paolo P. Pescarmona,Pierre Jacobs,Bert F. Sels +12 more
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TL;DR: It was demonstrated for the first time that the presence of weak Brønsted acid sites is crucial in accelerating the rate-determining (dehydration) reaction, that is, the first step in the reaction network from triose to lactate.
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Abstract: A novel catalyst design for the conversion of mono- and disaccharides to lactic acid and its alkyl esters was developed. The design uses a mesoporous silica, here represented by MCM-41, which is filled with a polyaromatic to graphite-like carbon network. The particular structure of the carbon-silica composite allows the accommodation of a broad variety of catalytically active functions, useful to attain cascade reactions, in a readily tunable pore texture. The significance of a joint action of Lewis and weak Bronsted acid sites was studied here to realize fast and selective sugar conversion. Lewis acidity is provided by grafting the silica component with Sn(IV), while weak Bronsted acidity originates from oxygen-containing functional groups in the carbon part. The weak Bronsted acid content was varied by changing the amount of carbon loading, the pyrolysis temperature, and the post-treatment procedure. As both catalytic functions can be tuned independently, their individual role and optimal balance can be...
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Sn-Beta zeolites with borate salts catalyse the epimerization of carbohydrates via an intramolecular carbon shift
William R. Gunther,Yuran Wang,Yuewei Ji,Vladimir K. Michaelis,Sean T. Hunt,Robert G. Griffin,Yuriy Román-Leshkov +6 more
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