Extracellular vesicles: exosomes, microvesicles, and friends.
TL;DR: This review focuses on the characterization of EVs and on currently proposed mechanisms for their formation, targeting, and function.
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Abstract: Cells release into the extracellular environment diverse types of membrane vesicles of endosomal and plasma membrane origin called exosomes and microvesicles, respectively. These extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent an important mode of intercellular communication by serving as vehicles for transfer between cells of membrane and cytosolic proteins, lipids, and RNA. Deficiencies in our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms for EV formation and lack of methods to interfere with the packaging of cargo or with vesicle release, however, still hamper identification of their physiological relevance in vivo. In this review, we focus on the characterization of EVs and on currently proposed mechanisms for their formation, targeting, and function.
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Isolation and characterization of urinary extracellular vesicles: implications for biomarker discovery
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Challenges and opportunities in exosome research—Perspectives from biology, engineering, and cancer therapy
Xia Li,Alexander L. Corbett,Erfan Taatizadeh,Nishat Tasnim,Jonathan P. Little,Cathie Garnis,Mads Daugaard,Emma S. Tomlinson Guns,Mina Hoorfar,Isaac T. S. Li +9 more
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TL;DR: The current knowledge in exosome biogenesis, their roles in disease progression, and therapeutic applications and opportunities in bioengineering are summarized and the established and emerging technological developments inExosome isolation and characterization are highlighted.
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Exosome-mediated transfer of mRNAs and microRNAs is a novel mechanism of genetic exchange between cells
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