Extracellular vesicles: exosomes, microvesicles, and friends.
TL;DR: This review focuses on the characterization of EVs and on currently proposed mechanisms for their formation, targeting, and function.
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Abstract: Cells release into the extracellular environment diverse types of membrane vesicles of endosomal and plasma membrane origin called exosomes and microvesicles, respectively. These extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent an important mode of intercellular communication by serving as vehicles for transfer between cells of membrane and cytosolic proteins, lipids, and RNA. Deficiencies in our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms for EV formation and lack of methods to interfere with the packaging of cargo or with vesicle release, however, still hamper identification of their physiological relevance in vivo. In this review, we focus on the characterization of EVs and on currently proposed mechanisms for their formation, targeting, and function.
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Citations
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Yao Tao,Yuting Tang,Zailin Yang,Futao Wu,Lu Wang,Liyuan Yang,Li Lei,Yipei Jing,Xueke Jiang,Hongjun Jin,Yao Bai,Ling Zhang +11 more
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Exosomal miR-142-3p is increased during cardiac allograft rejection and augments vascular permeability through down-regulation of endothelial RAB11FIP2 expression
Ihdina Sukma Dewi,Selvi Celik,Anna Karlsson,Zsuzsanna Hollander,Karen K. Lam,Janet Wilson McManus,Scott J. Tebbutt,Raymond T. Ng,Paul Keown,Robert McMaster,Bruce M. McManus,Jenny Öhman,Olof Gidlöf +12 more
TL;DR: A novel mechanism whereby miR-142-3p, a microRNA enriched in exosomes during acute cellular rejection, is transferred to endothelial cells and compromises endothelial barrier function via down-regulation of RAB11FIP2 is identified.
Higher exosomal phosphorylated tau and total tau among veterans with combat-related repetitive chronic mild traumatic brain injury.
Kimbra Kenney,Kimbra Kenney,Bao-Xi Qu,Chen Lai,Christina Devoto,Vida Motamedi,William C. Walker,Harvey S. Levin,Harvey S. Levin,Tracy L. Nolen,Elisabeth A. Wilde,Elisabeth A. Wilde,Elisabeth A. Wilde,Ramon Diaz-Arrastia,Jessica Gill,Jessica Gill +15 more
TL;DR: RTBI is associated with elevations of exosomal tau and p-tau, suggesting that blood-based exosomes may provide a peripheral source of informative, centrally derived biomarkers in remote mTBI and that rTBI may contribute to chronic neuropsychological symptoms.
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Sequencing-Based Protein Analysis of Single Extracellular Vesicles
Jina Ko,Jina Ko,Yongcheng Wang,Yongcheng Wang,Kuanwei Sheng,David A. Weitz,David A. Weitz,Ralph Weissleder +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, an antibody-based immunosequencing method was proposed for multiplexed measurement of protein molecules from individual nanometer-sized extracellular vesicles (EVs) using droplet microfluidics.
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