Expression, self-assembly, and antigenicity of the Norwalk virus capsid protein.
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TL;DR: The availability of large amounts of recombinant Norwalk virus particles will allow the development of rapid, sensitive, and reliable tests for the diagnosis of Norwalkirus infection as well as the implementation of structural studies.
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Abstract: Norwalk virus capsid protein was produced by expression of the second and third open reading frames of the Norwalk virus genome, using a cell-free translation system and baculovirus recombinants. Analysis of the expressed products showed that the second open reading frame encodes a protein with an apparent molecular weight of 58,000 (58K protein) and that this protein self-assembles to form empty viruslike particles similar to native capsids in size and appearance. The antigenicity of these particles was demonstrated by immunoprecipitation and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of paired serum samples from volunteers who developed illness following Norwalk virus challenge. These particles also induced high levels of Norwalk virus-specific serum antibody in laboratory animals following parenteral inoculation. A minor 34K protein was also found in infected insect cells. Amino acid sequence analysis of the N terminus of the 34K protein indicated that the 34K protein was a cleavage product of the 58K protein. The availability of large amounts of recombinant Norwalk virus particles will allow the development of rapid, sensitive, and reliable tests for the diagnosis of Norwalk virus infection as well as the implementation of structural studies.
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Development of Virus-Like Particle Technology from Small Highly Symmetric to Large Complex Virus-Like Particle Structures
TL;DR: A second generation of VLP carriers is represented by complex particles reconstructed from natural or chimeric structural proteins derived from complex enveloped viruses, which may require a rational combination of both approaches.
Visualization by Immune Electron Microscopy of a 27-nm Particle Associated with Acute Infectious Nonbacterial Gastroenteritis
Albert Z. Kapikian,Richard G. Wyatt,Raphael Dolin,Thomas S. Thornhill,Anthony R. Kalica,Robert M. Chanock +5 more
TL;DR: A 27-nm particle was observed by immune electron microscopy in an infectious stool filtrate derived from an outbreak in Norwalk, Ohio, of acute infectious nonbacterial gastroenteritis, and this along with other evidence suggested that the particle was the etiological agent of Norwalk gastroEnteritis.
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The frequency of a Norwalk-like pattern of illness in outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis.
TL;DR: Investigation for Norwalk virus antibody in outbreaks that are clinically and epidemiologically consistent with Norwalk-like virus infection is likely to yield diagnostically useful results.
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Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus--molecular cloning and nucleotide sequencing of a calicivirus genome.
TL;DR: The RNA genome of the rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) was molecularly cloned in this article, and the 5′ terminal sequence of the genomic RNA was determined after PCR amplification of a G-tailed first strand cDNA template.
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Self-assembled B19 parvovirus capsids, produced in a baculovirus system, are antigenically and immunogenically similar to native virions.
Sachiko Kajigaya,Hiroyuki Fujii,Anne Field,Stacie M. Anderson,Stephen J. Rosenfeld,Larry J. Anderson,Takashi Shimada,Neal S. Young +7 more
TL;DR: Baculovirus-derived parvovirus antigen can substitute for scarce viral antigen in immunoassays and should be suitable as a human vaccine.
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