Exploring Structural and Dynamical Properties Microtubules by Means of Artificial Neural Networks

TL;DR: The problem of information transfer and storage in brain microtubules is analyzed, considering them as a communication channel, and the implications of assuming that consciousness is generated by the subneuronal process are discussed.

TL;DR: The authors' experience in developing U-Hopper, a middleware running over widely diffused mobile handsets and supporting the development of context-aware services based on opportunistic communications is presented, and the design of the platform is presented and the distributed monitoring framework is described.

TL;DR: The state of global technology diffusion shows that developed nations continue to create the bulk of the new knowledge while developing countries depend on adoption and adaptation for technological progress.

Abstract: In this chapter, the sol-gel made titanium dioxide nanostructured thin films deposited on special substrates such as glasses, mica, steels, textiles, fibers, and other organic/inorganic substrates were reviewed. Through this review, several distinctive properties such as optical, electrical, photocatalytic, morphological, and mechanical properties of TiO2 nanostructured thin films were described. Also, a wide range of practical application of TiO2 nanostructured thin films such as dye-sensitised solar cells, optical coatings, humidity and gas sensors, selfcleaning, dielectric, and antibacterial surfaces were discussed in details. Dip and spin coating techniques were demonstrated as suitable methods for deposition of thin films. It has been shown that properties of such films can be affected by type of coating technique, stabilizer, precursor material, solvents, pH and viscosity of precursor solution, aging, and etc. Finally, Successive Interference Fringes Method (SIFM) was presented as a simple method for the determination of optical constants and thickness of TiO2 thin films from single transmission measurements. Hamid Dadvar University of Guilan, Iran Farhad E. Ghodsi University of Guilan, Iran Saeed Dadvar Isfahan University of Technology, Iran DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-5125-8.ch009

TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a truncated icosahedron, a polygon with 60 vertices and 32 faces, 12 of which are pentagonal and 20 hexagonal.

TL;DR: The self-organizing map, an architecture suggested for artificial neural networks, is explained by presenting simulation experiments and practical applications, and an algorithm which order responses spatially is reviewed, focusing on best matching cell selection and adaptation of the weight vectors.

TL;DR: An atomic model of the αβ tubulin dimer fitted to a 3.7-Å density map obtained by electron crystallography of zinc-induced tubulin sheets is presented.

TL;DR: Changes in the subunits of tubulin as it switches from its straight conformation to a curved one correlate with the loss of lateral contacts and provide a rationale for the rapid microtubule depolymerization characteristic of dynamic instability.