Exosomes: extracellular organelles important in intercellular communication.

TL;DR: Recent progress made in understanding the biological roles of exosomal miRNAs as potential diagnostic biomarkers, pathological regulators, and therapeutic targets/drugs for CNS diseases are summarized.

TL;DR: It is concluded that enzymatic treatments improve EV isolation from dense fibrotic tissue without any apparent effect on molecular or morphological characteristics.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that the bystander effect mediator contains an RNA molecule that may be carried by exosomes and implicate a role for RNA is tested and suggests that the bystanderser effect, and genomic instability, are at least in part mediated by Exosomes.

TL;DR: The data provided provide a useful database of proteins from C2C12-released ELVs throughout myogenesis and reveals the importance of exosome-like vesicles in skeletal muscle biology, as well as evidence that proteins from ELV-MT can be incorporated into myoblasts by using the GFP protein as cargo within ELv-MT.

TL;DR: It is shown, in detailed studies of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg cells in 104 individuals affected with ovarian carcinoma, that human tumor T Reg cells suppress tumor-specific T cell immunity and contribute to growth of human tumors in vivo.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated by immunoelectron microscopy that the limiting membrane of MIICs can fuse directly with the plasma membrane, resulting in release from the cells of internal MHC class II-containing vesicles, suggesting a role for exosomes in antigen presentation in vivo.

TL;DR: Crosstalk between multiple Rab GTPases through shared effectors, or through effectors that recruit selective Rab activators, ensures the spatiotemporal regulation of vesicle traffic.

TL;DR: It is found that cargo is segregated into distinct subdomains on the endosomal membrane and that the transfer of exosome-associated domains into the lumen of theendosome did not depend on the function of the ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) machinery, but required the sphingolipid ceramide.