Exosomes: extracellular organelles important in intercellular communication.

TL;DR: A number of proteins identified may act as virulence factors playing significant roles in parasite invasion, host-parasite interaction or parasite survival and thus may have therapeutic potential as drug target candidates.

TL;DR: The efficient protocol for the production of NVs with UC-MSCs using the combination of freeze and thaw process with a TFF system is proposed, and the FT/NVs have similar biological properties as NVs for attenuating TNF-α induced inflammation.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore the potential mechanisms employed by tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) to control T cell development and effector function within the tumor microenvironment.

TL;DR: A review of proteomic studies showed that alarmins are abundantly present in/on macrophage-derived EVs and their potential contribution may have in this process of bone matrix regulation is discussed.

TL;DR: It is shown, in detailed studies of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg cells in 104 individuals affected with ovarian carcinoma, that human tumor T Reg cells suppress tumor-specific T cell immunity and contribute to growth of human tumors in vivo.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated by immunoelectron microscopy that the limiting membrane of MIICs can fuse directly with the plasma membrane, resulting in release from the cells of internal MHC class II-containing vesicles, suggesting a role for exosomes in antigen presentation in vivo.

TL;DR: Crosstalk between multiple Rab GTPases through shared effectors, or through effectors that recruit selective Rab activators, ensures the spatiotemporal regulation of vesicle traffic.

TL;DR: It is found that cargo is segregated into distinct subdomains on the endosomal membrane and that the transfer of exosome-associated domains into the lumen of theendosome did not depend on the function of the ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) machinery, but required the sphingolipid ceramide.