Exosomes: A Tool for Bone Tissue Engineering
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TL;DR: In this paper , the most advanced and significant knowledge of biological functions of exosomes in bone regeneration and their clinical applications in osseous diseases is discussed, and it has been suggested that exosome are nonteratogenic and have low immunogenic potential, they could potentially replace stem-cell based therapy and thus eradicate the risk of neoplastic transformation associated with cell transplantations in bone regenerative diseases.
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Abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been repeatedly shown to be a valuable source for cell-based therapy in regenerative medicine, including bony tissue repair. However, engraftment at the injury site is poor. Recently, it has been suggested that MSCs and other cells act through a paracrine signaling mechanism. Exosomes are nanostructures that have been implicated in this process. They carry DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids and play an important role in cell-to-cell communication directly modulating their target cell at a transcriptional level. In a bone microenvironment, they have been shown to increase osteogenesis and osteogenic differentiation in vivo and in vitro. In the following review, we will discuss the most advanced and significant knowledge of biological functions of exosomes in bone regeneration and their clinical applications in osseous diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells have been shown to be a promising tool in bone tissue engineering. Recently, it has been suggested that they secrete exosomes containing messenger RNA, proteins, and lipids, thus acting through paracrine signaling mechanisms. Considering that exosomes are nonteratogenic and have low immunogenic potential, they could potentially replace stem-cell based therapy and thus eradicate the risk of neoplastic transformation associated with cell transplantations in bone regeneration.
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Citations
Extracellular Vesicles From TNFα Preconditioned MSCs: Effects on Immunomodulation and Bone Regeneration
Miya Kang,Chun Chieh Huang,Praveen Gajendrareddy,Yu Lu,Sajjad Shirazi,Sriram Ravindran,Lyndon F. Cooper +6 more
TL;DR: The results indicate that MSC exposure to inflammatory signals influence the MSC EV’s immunomodulatory function in the context of tissue repair, and the TNFα preconditioned MSC EVs possess enhanced immunommodulatory properties.
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Black phosphorus thermosensitive hydrogels loaded with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes synergistically promote bone tissue defect repair.
TL;DR: In this article , a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes were loaded with photothermal material layered black phosphorus (BP) modified poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) thermosensitive hydrogels to explore their effects on bone defect repair.
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3D bioprinted extracellular vesicles for tissue engineering—a perspective
Pingping Han,Saso Ivanovski +1 more
TL;DR: A personalized bioprinted EVs concept and a workflow for future biopprinted EVs studies focussed on clinical translation are proposed, addressing a key challenge of EVs application in tissue engineering, as well as overcoming the regulatory and cost-effectiveness issues of using live cells.
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Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell’s exosomes as key nanoparticles in osteogenesis and bone regeneration: specific capacity based on cell type
Mohammad Sadegh Gholami Farashah,Maryam Javadi,Amirhossein Mohammadi,Jafar Soleimani Rad,Seyed Kazem Shakouri,Leila Roshangar +5 more
TL;DR: The features of BMMSC exosomes' mechanism in osteogenesis and bone regeneration and also the effects of their micro-RNAs on osteogenesis are the subject of the present review.
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Bone Engineering Scaffolds With Exosomes: A Promising Strategy for Bone Defects Repair
Pengbin Yin,Samuel Thévoz +1 more
TL;DR: In this article , a review aimed at overviewing the bone defect microenvironment and healing mechanism, summarizing current advances in bone engineering scaffolds and exosomes in bone defects to probe for future applications.
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