Evolution of large-scale flow from turbulence in a two-dimensional superfluid
Shaun P. Johnstone,Andrew J. Groszek,Philip T. Starkey,C. J. Billington,C. J. Billington,Tapio Simula,Kristian Helmerson +6 more
TL;DR: Experimental confirmation of Lars Onsager’s model of turbulent flow of quantized vortices is reported, opening a pathway for quantitative studies of emergent structures in interacting quantum systems driven far from equilibrium.
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Abstract: Nonequilibrium interacting systems can evolve to exhibit large-scale structure and order. In two-dimensional turbulent flow, the seemingly random swirling motion of a fluid can evolve toward persistent large-scale vortices. To explain such behavior, Lars Onsager proposed a statistical hydrodynamic model based on quantized vortices. Here, we report on the experimental confirmation of Onsager's model. We dragged a grid barrier through an oblate superfluid Bose-Einstein condensate to generate nonequilibrium distributions of vortices. We observed signatures of an inverse energy cascade driven by the evaporative heating of vortices, leading to steady-state configurations characterized by negative absolute temperatures. Our results open a pathway for quantitative studies of emergent structures in interacting quantum systems driven far from equilibrium.
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Citations
Coherent vortex dynamics in a strongly interacting superfluid on a silicon chip
Yauhen Sachkou,Christopher G. Baker,Glen I. Harris,Oliver R. Stockdale,Stefan Forstner,Matthew T. Reeves,Xin He,David L. McAuslan,Ashton S. Bradley,Matthew J. Davis,Warwick P. Bowen +10 more
TL;DR: An on-chip optical microcavity allows laser initiation of clusters of quasi–two-dimensional vortices and nondestructive observation of their decay in a single shot, and establishes an on- chip platform with which to study emergent phenomena in strongly interacting superfluids and to develop quantum technologies such as precision inertial sensors.
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Magnus-force model for active particles trapped on superfluid vortices
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple model based on the Magnus force was proposed to approximate vortex-particle motion in the presence of particles and compared with simulations of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation with particles modeled by dynamic external potentials.
Statistical mechanics of systems with negative temperature
TL;DR: The authors show that negative absolute temperatures are consistent with equilibrium as well as with non-equilibrium thermodynamics, thus dissipating any prejudice about their exceptionality, typically presumed as a manifestation of transient metastable effects.
33
Coherent vortex dynamics in a strongly-interacting superfluid on a silicon chip
Yauhen Sachkou,Christopher G. Baker,Glen I. Harris,Oliver R. Stockdale,Stefan Forstner,Matthew T. Reeves,Xin He,David L. McAuslan,Ashton S. Bradley,Matthew J. Davis,Warwick P. Bowen +10 more
TL;DR: In this article, a two-dimensional droplet of superfluid helium at microscale on the atomically-smooth surface of a silicon chip is confined for laser-initiation of vortex clusters and non-destructive observation of their decay in a single shot.
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Vortex motion quantifies strong dissipation in a holographic superfluid
TL;DR: The results suggest that holographic vortex dynamics can be applied to experimentally accessible superfluids like strongly coupled ultracold Bose gases or thin helium films with temperatures in the Kelvin range, which would make holographic far-from-equilibrium dynamics and turbulence amenable to experimental tests.
32
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