Evolution and Function of the ADP Ribosyl Cyclase/CD38 Gene Family in Physiology and Pathology

TL;DR: Overall, this work defines exclusive and common M1 and M2 signatures and provides novel and improved tools to distinguish M1 or M2 murine macrophages.

TL;DR: An integrated view on the pathways that control NAD(+) production and cycling, as well as its cellular compartmentalization, and novel data that show how modulation of NAD(+)-producing and -consuming pathways have a major physiological impact and hold promise for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disease are provided.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that specification of hPGC-like cells (hPGCLCs) from germline competent pluripotent stem cells are consistent with the embryonic hPGCs and a germline seminoma that share a CD38 cell-surface marker, which collectively defines likely progression of the early human germline.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that expression and activity of the NADase CD38 increase with aging and that CD38 is required for the age-related NAD decline and mitochondrial dysfunction via a pathway mediated at least in part by regulation of SIRT3 activity.

TL;DR: There is a stage-associated pattern of HLA-DR and CD38 expression on CD8 T-lymphocytes during HIV infection; specific phenotypic patterns may have functional correlates in the host response to the virus.

TL;DR: BST-1 expression was enhanced in rheumatoid arthritis patient-derived bone marrow stromal cell lines that were previously shown to have an enhanced ability to support the growth of a pre-B-cell line as compared with stromAL cell lines derived from healthy donors.

TL;DR: It is shown that IP3, cyclic ADP‐ribose and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) evoke cytosolic Ca2+ spiking by activating common oscillator units composed of IP3 and ryanodine receptors, and that the appropriate receptors are selected at the earliest step of signal generation.

TL;DR: This work has investigated the process that transforms local Ca2+ spikes to global Ca2- transients, focusing on the interactions of multiple intracellular messengers, and revealed a local interaction between IP3 and NAADP and a stronger global potentiating interaction between cADPR andNAADP.