Book Chapter10.1016/S0076-6879(80)70067-8
Enzyme immunoassay ELISA and EMIT.
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TL;DR: This chapter discusses the enzyme immunoassay ELISA and EMIT, where ELISA requires very little knowledge of enzyme technology, whereas enzymology is the key to success in EMIT.
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Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the enzyme immunoassay ELISA and EMIT. Enzyme immunoassays can be classified into two fundamentally different types of assays: heterogeneous and homogeneous enzyme immunoassays (EIA). The heterogeneous EIA that include the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are based on the same principles as are used in radioimmunoassays (RIA). After incubation of antigen and antibodies, the antigen–antibody complexes formed are separated from free antigen and antibody by one of a number of different techniques and the activity in one or both of the fractions is determined. In the homogeneous enzyme immunoassay that includes enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT), no such separation is necessary. The principle of EMIT is similar to the modified bacteriophage technique. Antigen-coupled enzyme shows a change in activity (infectivity) upon incubation with antibody. This change is inhibited when the binding of antibody to the antigen-coupled enzyme is prevented by the addition of free antigen. ELISA is generally applicable to the measurement of almost any antigen. In ELISA, the enzyme is a passive passenger through the actual immunoassay. In EMIT, the enzyme plays a key role throughout the assay process. ELISA requires very little knowledge of enzyme technology, whereas enzymology is the key to success in EMIT.
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Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA
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