Environmental enteric dysfunction: Advancing current knowledge

TL;DR: An overview of recent studies evaluating the causes and consequences of environmental enteric dysfunction, and efforts to understand how EED-associated systemic inflammation and malabsorption may result in long-term morbidity.

TL;DR: This work proposes the first EED histology index, which should be useful in future clinical and translational studies of this widespread, poorly understood, and highly consequential disorder, which might be caused by multiple contributing processes, in different regions of the world.

TL;DR: According to the analyzed evidence, the control of environmental enteric dysfunction is very important for the full expression of growth, development, and vaccine response in the pediatric age group.

TL;DR: It is found that high levels of zonulin and IFABP played a role in seroconversion, and it is plausible that increased gut permeability in EED allows greater uptake of the live virus within the vaccine, but later consequences result in deleterious local structural distortions and malabsorption syndromes.

TL;DR: Three low‐lactose milk formulas differing in osmolality and degree of protein hydrolysis in the treatment of diarrhoea and malnutrition in subjects with high rates of lactose intolerance, osmotic diarrhoeas and a tropical/environmental enteropathy are compared.

TL;DR: Increased nitrite and nitrate concentrations in sera and urine of patients with cholera or shigellosis are higher than normal.

TL;DR: These data showed that total parasitic infection and Giardia spp infections were significantly lower in the vitamin A treatment group when compared with the placebo group, suggesting that vitamin A improves the host's defenses againstGiardia infections.

TL;DR: Anaemia is common and associated with increased mortality in HIV-infected children in sub-Saharan Africa and hospitalisation, suspected tuberculosis, malaria and height-for-age Z-score <-2 were significantly associated with moderate anaemia.