EnerCage: A Smart Experimental Arena With Scalable Architecture for Behavioral Experiments
TL;DR: This paper presents the first fully functional EnerCage system, in which the number of PSC drivers and magnetic sensors was reduced to one-third of the number used in the previous design via multicoil coupling.
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Abstract: Wireless power, when coupled with miniaturized implantable electronics, has the potential to provide a solution to several challenges facing neuroscientists during basic and preclinical studies with freely behaving animals. The EnerCage system is one such solution as it allows for uninterrupted electrophysiology experiments over extended periods of time and vast experimental arenas, while eliminating the need for bulky battery payloads or tethering. It has a scalable array of overlapping planar spiral coils (PSCs) and three-axis magnetic sensors for focused wireless power transmission to devices on freely moving subjects. In this paper, we present the first fully functional EnerCage system, in which the number of PSC drivers and magnetic sensors was reduced to one-third of the number used in our previous design via multicoil coupling. The power transfer efficiency (PTE) has been improved to 5.6% at a 120 mm coupling distance and a 48.5 mm lateral misalignment (worst case) between the transmitter (Tx) array and receiver (Rx) coils. The new EnerCage system is equipped with an Ethernet backbone, further supporting its modular/scalable architecture, which, in turn, allows experimental arenas with arbitrary shapes and dimensions. A set of experiments on a freely behaving rat were conducted by continuously delivering 20 mW to the electronics in the animal headstage for more than one hour in a powered 3538 cm2 experimental area.
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Citations
A Smart Multicoil Inductively Coupled Array for Wireless Power Transmission
TL;DR: This paper presents a novel resonance-based multicoil array structure to wirelessly charge or power up apparatus, like smart phones, computer mouses, smart animal research systems, or implanted medical devices.
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Robust Wireless Power Transmission to mm-Sized Free-Floating Distributed Implants
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An Implantable Peripheral Nerve Recording and Stimulation System for Experiments on Freely Moving Animal Subjects
Byunghun Lee,Byunghun Lee,Mukhesh K. Koripalli,Yaoyao Jia,Joshua Acosta,Mohammad S.E. Sendi,Yoonsu Choi,Maysam Ghovanloo +7 more
TL;DR: In the animal study, evoked compound action potentials were recorded to verify the stimulation and recording capabilities of the WINeRS-8 system with 32-ch penetrating and 4-ch cuff electrodes on the sciatic nerve of awake freely-behaving rats.
Wireless Power and Data Transmission for Implanted Devices via Inductive Links: A Systematic Review
TL;DR: In this article, a systematic review and survey of the latest inductive power and data transmission methods for implantable medical devices (IMDs) is presented, where the fundamental principles of remote powering through inductive links, critical parameters of design, and power transfer efficiency calculations are presented.
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An Inductively-Powered Wireless Neural Recording and Stimulation System for Freely-Behaving Animals
Byunghun Lee,Yaoyao Jia,S. Abdollah Mirbozorgi,Mark Connolly,Xingyuan Tong,Zhaoping Zeng,Babak Mahmoudi,Maysam Ghovanloo +7 more
TL;DR: Realtime stimulation and recording verified the system's potential for bidirectional neural interfacing within the homecage, while continuously delivering 35 mW to the hybrid WINeRS-8 headstage over an unlimited period.
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