Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Diseases: The Role of Oxidant Stress
Hua Cai,David G. Harrison +1 more
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TL;DR: Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidant stress alters many functions of the endothelium, including modulation of vasomotor tone, and as the role of these various enzyme sources of ROS become clear, it will perhaps be possible to use more specific therapies to prevent their production and ultimately correct endothelial dysfunction.
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Abstract: Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidant stress alters many functions of the endothelium, including modulation of vasomotor tone. Inactivation of nitric oxide (NO(.)) by superoxide and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) seems to occur in conditions such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and cigarette smoking. Loss of NO(.) associated with these traditional risk factors may in part explain why they predispose to atherosclerosis. Among many enzymatic systems that are capable of producing ROS, xanthine oxidase, NADH/NADPH oxidase, and uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase have been extensively studied in vascular cells. As the role of these various enzyme sources of ROS become clear, it will perhaps be possible to use more specific therapies to prevent their production and ultimately correct endothelial dysfunction.
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Sanjay Rajagopalan,S Kurz,Thomas Münzel,Margaret M. Tarpey,Bruce A. Freeman,Kathy K. Griendling,David G. Harrison +6 more
TL;DR: Forms of hypertension associated with elevated circulating levels of angiotensin II may have unique vascular effects not shared by other forms of hypertension because they increase vascular smooth muscle .O2- production via NADH/NADPH oxidase activation.
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