Journal Article10.1039/C3CS60436E
Emerging micro- and nanotechnology based synthetic approaches for insulin delivery
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TL;DR: This review outlines recent developments in the controlled delivery of insulin, including oral, nasal, pulmonary, transdermal, subcutaneous and closed-loop insulin delivery.
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Abstract: Insulin is essential for type 1 and advanced type 2 diabetics to maintain blood glucose levels and prolong lives. The traditional administration requires frequent subcutaneous insulin injections that are associated with poor patient compliance, including pain, local tissue necrosis, infection, and nerve damage. Taking advantage of emerging micro- and nanotechnologies, numerous alternative strategies integrated with chemical approaches for insulin delivery have been investigated. This review outlines recent developments in the controlled delivery of insulin, including oral, nasal, pulmonary, transdermal, subcutaneous and closed-loop insulin delivery. Perspectives from new materials, formulations and devices at the micro- or nano-scales are specifically surveyed. Advantages and limitations of current delivery methods, as well as future opportunities and challenges are also discussed.
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Microneedle-array patches loaded with hypoxia-sensitive vesicles provide fast glucose-responsive insulin delivery
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Enzyme-Responsive Nanomaterials for Controlled Drug Delivery
Quanyin Hu,Prateek Katti,Zhen Gu +2 more
TL;DR: This review describes enzymes such as proteases, phospholipases and oxidoreductases that serve as delivery triggers and explores recently developed enzyme-responsive nanomaterials with versatile applications for extracellular and intracellular drug delivery.
Glucose-responsive insulin patch for the regulation of blood glucose in mice and minipigs.
Jicheng Yu,Jinqiang Wang,Jinqiang Wang,Yuqi Zhang,Guojun Chen,Guojun Chen,Weiwei Mao,Yanqi Ye,Anna R. Kahkoska,John B. Buse,Robert Langer,Zhen Gu +11 more
TL;DR: It is shown that a single removable transdermal patch, bearing microneedles loaded with insulin and a non-degradable glucose-responsive polymeric matrix, and fabricated via in situ photopolymerization, regulated blood glucose in insulin-deficient diabetic mice and minipigs.
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References
The Treat-to-Target Trial: Randomized addition of glargine or human NPH insulin to oral therapy of type 2 diabetic patients
TL;DR: Systematically titrating bedtime basal insulin added to oral therapy can safely achieve 7% HbA(1c) in a majority of overweight patients with type 2 diabetes, thus reducing a leading barrier to initiating insulin.
Materials for Diabetes Therapeutics
Kaitlin M. Bratlie,Roger L. York,Roger L. York,Michael A. Invernale,Michael A. Invernale,Robert Langer,Daniel G. Anderson +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the materials and methods used to fabricate closed-loop systems for type 1 diabetes therapy are discussed, including microencapsulation, conformal coatings, and planar sheets.
Investigation of lectin-modified insulin liposomes as carriers for oral administration.
TL;DR: Results confirmed that lectin-modified liposomes promote the oral absorption of insulin due to the specific-site combination on GI cell membrane.
Effect of cell-penetrating peptides on the nasal absorption of insulin
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that L-penetratin markedly increased the permeability of insulin across the nasal membrane without causing detectable damage to the integrity of cells in the nasal respiratory mucosa.
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