Journal Article10.1039/C3CS60436E
Emerging micro- and nanotechnology based synthetic approaches for insulin delivery
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TL;DR: This review outlines recent developments in the controlled delivery of insulin, including oral, nasal, pulmonary, transdermal, subcutaneous and closed-loop insulin delivery.
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Abstract: Insulin is essential for type 1 and advanced type 2 diabetics to maintain blood glucose levels and prolong lives. The traditional administration requires frequent subcutaneous insulin injections that are associated with poor patient compliance, including pain, local tissue necrosis, infection, and nerve damage. Taking advantage of emerging micro- and nanotechnologies, numerous alternative strategies integrated with chemical approaches for insulin delivery have been investigated. This review outlines recent developments in the controlled delivery of insulin, including oral, nasal, pulmonary, transdermal, subcutaneous and closed-loop insulin delivery. Perspectives from new materials, formulations and devices at the micro- or nano-scales are specifically surveyed. Advantages and limitations of current delivery methods, as well as future opportunities and challenges are also discussed.
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Citations
Stimuli‐responsive delivery of therapeutics for diabetes treatment
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TL;DR: This review focuses on the most commonly used pH-sensitive polymers and their applications in insulin delivery systems and the relationship between the chemical structure of the polymeric systems and their insulin delivery performance is discussed.
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Xiao-Ding Xu,Xiao-Ding Xu,Yin-Jia Cheng,Jun Wu,Hong Cheng,Si-Xue Cheng,Ren-Xi Zhuo,Xian-Zheng Zhang +7 more
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