Elevated temperature increased nitrification activity by stimulating AOB growth and activity in an acidic paddy soil

TL;DR: In this paper , the impact of single and interactive GCDs on soil biodiversity and ecosystem functioning is investigated and it is shown that results from scarce studies studying interactive effects range from antagonistic to additive to synergistic when two individual change drivers cooccur.

TL;DR: In this paper, the impacts of climate warming and elevated CO2 in the atmosphere may affect nitrification in opposite directions, especially in the long-term and in flooded conditions common in paddy soils.

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors focus on the water utility scope 1 emissions by breaking down their pathways and influencing factors, and providing guidance on both the use of emission factors and performing direct measurements of emissions from sewers and wastewater treatment plants.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of green manuring and fertilization regimes on nitrification and ammonia oxidisers were investigated in a paddy soil in order to understand the role of ammonia-oxidising bacteria (AOB) and ammonium oxidisers (AOA) in the process of N cycling.

TL;DR: Version 4 of MEGA software expands on the existing facilities for editing DNA sequence data from autosequencers, mining Web-databases, performing automatic and manual sequence alignment, analyzing sequence alignments to estimate evolutionary distances, inferring phylogenetic trees, and testing evolutionary hypotheses.

TL;DR: The data suggest that amoA represents a very powerful molecular tool for analyzing indigenous ammonia-oxidizing communities due to (i) its specificity, (ii) its fine-scale resolution of closely related populations, and (iii) the fact that a functional trait rather than a phylogenetic trait is detected.

TL;DR: Using PCR primers designed to specifically target archaeal amoA, AOA is found to be pervasive in areas of the ocean that are critical for the global nitrogen cycle, including the base of the euphotic zone, suboxic water columns, and estuarine and coastal sediments.

Abstract: Recognizing the problem of a potential global climate change, the World Meteorological Organization ( WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme ( UNEP) established the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC, in 1988. The role of the IPCC is to assess the scientific, technical and socio-economic information relevant for the understanding of the risk of human-induced change. It does not carry out research nor does it monitor climate-related data or other relevant parameters. It bases its assessment mainly on peer-reviewed and published scientific and technical literature. The IPCC has three Working Groups and a Task Force: ♦ Working Group I assesses the scientific aspects of the climate system and climate change. ♦ Working Group II addresses the vulnerability of socio-economic and natural systems to climate change, the negative and positive consequences of climate change, and options for adapting to it. ♦ Working Group III assesses options for limiting greenhouse-gas emissions and otherwise mitigating climate change. ♦ The Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories is responsible for the IPCC National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme. The IPCC completed its First Assessment Report in 1990. The Report played an important role in the establishing of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee for a UN Framework Convention on Climate Change by the UN General Assembly. The Convention was adopted in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. The Second Assessment Report, Climate Change 1995, provided key input to the negotiations that led to the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol in 1997. The Third Assessment Report ( TAR) was adopted in September 2001. Some 2000 scientists representing a variety of disciplines the world over took part in this assessment, and the results were further reviewed both from the political and scientific aspect by representatives of the participating countries. This is the most all-embracing assessment of research that has ever been made. A Fourth Assessment Report is scheduled to be ready by 2007. The IPCC also prepares Special Reports and Technical Papers on topics where independent scientific information and advice is deemed necessary (see Publications, p.14). It also supports the climate convention through its work on methodologies for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC