Electron crystallography: imaging and single-crystal diffraction from powders
Xiaodong Zou,Sven Hovmöller +1 more
TL;DR: Different techniques developed for electron crystallography, including three-dimensional reconstruction, the electron precession technique and ultrafast electron crystallographers, are reviewed.
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Abstract: The study of crystals at atomic level by electrons – electron crystallography – is an important complement to X-ray crystallography. There are two main advantages of structure determinations by electron crystallography compared to X-ray diffraction: (i) crystals millions of times smaller than those needed for X-ray diffraction can be studied and (ii) the phases of the crystallographic structure factors, which are lost in X-ray diffraction, are present in transmission-electron-microscopy (TEM) images. In this paper, some recent developments of electron crystallography and its applications, mainly on inorganic crystals, are shown. Crystal structures can be solved to atomic resolution in two dimensions as well as in three dimensions from both TEM images and electron diffraction. Different techniques developed for electron crystallography, including three-dimensional reconstruction, the electron precession technique and ultrafast electron crystallography, are reviewed. Examples of electron-crystallography applications are given. There is in principle no limitation to the complexity of the structures that can be solved by electron crystallography.
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Citations
Single-Crystal Structure of a Covalent Organic Framework
Yue-Biao Zhang,Jie Su,Hiroyasu Furukawa,Yifeng Yun,Felipe Gándara,Adam Duong,Xiaodong Zou,Omar M. Yaghi +7 more
TL;DR: The crystal structure of a new covalent organic framework, termed COF-320, is determined by single-crystal 3D electron Diffraction using the rotation electron diffraction (RED) method for data collection.
C−H Bond Activation and Organometallic Intermediates on Isolated Metal Centers on Oxide Surfaces
TL;DR: This work focuses on processes involving C-H bond activation of alkanes and aromatics on isolated metal centers of surfaces on oxide materials leading to organometallic species and/or intermediates in heterogeneous catalysis.
401
Multiphase transformation and Ostwald’s rule of stages during crystallization of a metal phosphate
TL;DR: In this article, high-resolution electron microscope images collected in real-time demonstrates the occurrence of multiple intermediary phases during the crystallization of a metal phosphate and demonstrate the first atomic-scale demonstration of Wilhelm Ostwald's "rule of stages" proposed over a century ago.
320
Rapid Structure Determination of Microcrystalline Molecular Compounds Using Electron Diffraction.
Tim Gruene,Julian T. C. Wennmacher,Christian Zaubitzer,Julian J. Holstein,Jonas Heidler,Ariane Fecteau-Lefebvre,Sacha De Carlo,Elisabeth Müller,Kenneth N. Goldie,Irene Regeni,Teng Li,Gustavo Santiso-Quiñones,Gunther Steinfeld,Stephan Handschin,Eric van Genderen,Jeroen A. van Bokhoven,Jeroen A. van Bokhoven,Guido H. Clever,Radosav S. Pantelic +18 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that electron crystallography complements X‐ray crystallography and is the technique of choice for all unsolved cases in which submicrometer‐sized crystals were the limiting factor.
246
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