Efficacy of parasternal block to decrease intraoperative opioid use in coronary artery bypass surgery via sternotomy: a randomized controlled trial.

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors investigated the optimal techniques of a parasternal intercostal plane (PIP) block to cover the T2-T6 inter-costal nerves and found that the more number of injections rendered a wider dye distribution.

TL;DR: This narrative review covers blocks performed at parasternal intercostal, interpectoral, pecto-serratus, serratus anterior, erector spinae, and retrolaminar planes which are targets for fascial plane blocks commonly used for cardiac surgery.

TL;DR: In this article , an ultrasound-guided pecto-intercostal fascial (PIF) block was performed within the PIF plane, between the deep pectoral and external intercostal muscles.

TL;DR: Both SPIP and DPIP seem able to guarantee an effective pain management in the postoperative phase of cardiac surgeries via full median sternotomy while ensuring a reduced consumption of opioids and antiemetic drugs.

TL;DR: Questions are begun to be asked about how these cells can be regulated to mitigate the collateral destruction associated with macrophage activation.

TL;DR: A narrative review sets out to examine the literature involving enhanced recovery in cardiac surgery and explores additional potential areas of interest.

TL;DR: It was concluded that in these dose ranges, suppression of hemodynamic or hormonal stress responses is not related to opioid dose.

TL;DR: Parasternal block and local anesthetic infiltration of the sternotomy wound and mediastinal tube sites with levobupivacaine can be a useful analgesic adjunct for patients who are expected to undergo early tracheal extubation after cardiac surgery.