Effects of Microglial Activation and Polarization on Brain Injury After Stroke.
TL;DR: In this paper, the significance of microglial phenotype regulation in stroke treatment was investigated by summarizing the activation, polarizing mechanisms, and general microglia characteristics, which played a critical role in treating stroke.
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Abstract: Stroke is one of the most common causes of death worldwide. The subsequent development of neuroinflammation and brain edema dramatically increases the risks associated with stroke, leading to a substantial increase in mortality. Although considerable progress has been made in improving cerebral perfusion in the acute phase of stroke, effective treatment options for the subacute and chronic phases associated with cerebral infarction are limited. Microglia, the innate immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), can be activated and polarized to take on different phenotypes in response to stimulations associated with stroke, including pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotypes, which affect the prognosis of stroke. Therefore, investigation of the activation and polarizing mechanisms of microglia plays a critical role in treating stroke. The aim of this article was to investigate the significance of microglial phenotype regulation in stroke treatment by summarizing the activation, polarizing mechanisms, and general microglia characteristics.
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Citations
Neuroinflammation in Acute Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke.
Diana Alsbrook,Mario Di Napoli,Kunal Bhatia,José Biller,Sasan Andalib,Archana Hinduja,Roysten Rodrigues,Miguel Chillón Rodríguez,Sara Y. Sabbagh,Magdy Selim,Maryam Hosseini Farahabadi,Alibay Jafarli,Afshin A. Divani +12 more
TL;DR: Understanding the mechanisms and cellular players involved in neuroinflammation is essential for developing effective therapies to reduce secondary injury and improve stroke outcomes, highlighting the potential for targeting specific cytokines, chemokines, and glial cells as therapeutic strategies.
108
Neuroinflammation and COVID-19
TL;DR: In this paper , the role of myeloid cells may play in promoting COVID-19 neurological disease, and they highlight the role role of innate immunity in COVID19 neuroinflammation and suggest areas for future research.
71
NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation: A Therapeutic Target for Cerebral Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury
TL;DR: The assembly and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome lead to the caspase-1-dependent release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, and pyroptosis is a pro- inflammatory cell death that occurs in a dependent manner on NLRP2 inflammaome after cerebral I/R injury.
51
The Translational Potential of Microglia and Monocyte-Derived Macrophages in Ischemic Stroke
TL;DR: The biology of microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages are outlined, their roles in the acute, subacute, and chronic stages of ischemic stroke are explained, and current treatment development efforts which target these cells are highlighted.
Argon mitigates post-stroke neuroinflammation by regulating M1/M2 polarization and inhibiting NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling
Ke Xue,Mian Qi,Tongping She,Zheng Lin Jiang,Yun-Feng Zhang,Xueting Wang,Guo-Hua Wang,Lihua Xu,Bin Peng,Jiayi Liu,Xinjian Song,Yuan Yuan,Xia Li +12 more
TL;DR: In this paper , the effects of argon on NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammation in microglia in vitro and in vivo were explored and the results showed that argon application inhibited the activation of M1/macrophage in the ischemic penumbra and the expression of proteins related to NLRP 3 inflammmasome and pyroptosis in micro-glia.
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