Effects of ethanol and water extracts of propolis (bee glue) on acute inflammatory animal models.

TL;DR: This review compiles data from the laboratory as well as from other researchers, focusing on propolis chemical composition and botanical sources, the seasonal effect on its composition and biological properties, its immunomodulatory and antitumor properties, considering its effects on antibody production and on different cells of the immune system.

TL;DR: From a systematic database search, 241 compounds were identified in propolis for the first time between 2000 and 2012; and they belong to such diverse chemical classes as flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, terpenenes, stilbenes, lignans, coumarins, and their prenylated derivatives, showing a pattern consistent with around 300 previously reported compounds.

TL;DR: DFT calculations were applied to analyze the antioxidative properties of quercetin and its glucosides in the gas and in the liquid phase (ethanol, water) and found that HAT and SPLET are the thermodynamically dominant mechanisms in gas and solvent phases, respectively.

TL;DR: The good bioavailability by the oral route and good historical safety profile makes propolis an ideal adjuvant agent for future immunomodulatory or anticancer regimens, however, standardized quality controls and good design clinical trials are essential before either propolis or its active ingredients can be adopted routinely in future therapeutic armamentarium.

TL;DR: The plant sources of bee glue are discussed, taking into consideration data based on reliable chemical evidence including comparisons between propolis samples and plant material.

TL;DR: It seems that propolis has general pharmacological value as a natural mixture and not as a source of new powerful antimicrobial, antifungal and antiviral compounds.

TL;DR: Four compounds isolated from Brazilian propolis induced a relaxant effect similar to propolis extract against Trypanosoma cruzi and the bacteria Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus faecalis.

TL;DR: It is found that sodium channel immunoreactivity within primary sensory neurons is dramatically increased within 24 h of the complete Freund's adjuvant injection, suggesting that the regulation of sodium channel synthesis may play a role in the generation and maintenance of the hyperesthetic state seen in chronic inflammation.