Journal Article10.1016/J.ADDMA.2018.12.013
Effect of wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process parameters on bead geometry and microstructure
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TL;DR: In this article, the effects of process parameters in TIG-based WAAM for specimens created using Hastelloy X alloy (Haynes International) welding wire and 304 stainless-steel plate as the substrate were discussed.
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Abstract: This paper discusses the effects of process parameters in TIG based WAAM for specimens created using Hastelloy X alloy (Haynes International) welding wire and 304 stainless-steel plate as the substrate. The Taguchi method and ANOVA were used to determine the effects of travel speed, wire feed rate, current, and argon flow rate on the responses including bead shape and size, bead roughness, oxidation levels, melt through depth, and the microstructure. Travel speed and current were found to have the largest effect on the responses. Increasing travel speed or decreasing current caused a decrease in melt through depth and an increase in roughness. Printing strategies were tested using specimens of multiple layers and no significant difference was found between printing layers in the same direction and printing layers in alternating directions. No observable interface between the layers was present suggesting a complete fusion between layers with no oxidation. Three distinct zones were identified within the three- and eight-layer samples. The zones were characterized by the size and distribution of the molybdenum carbide formations within the matrix grain formations.
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Citations
Investigation of bead morphology and mechanical behaviour for metal inert gas welding-based WAAM in pulsed mode metal transfer on 316LSi stainless steel
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Wire + Arc Additive Manufacturing
Stewart W. Williams,Filomeno Martina,Adrian C. Addison,Jialuo Ding,Goncalo Pardal,Paul A. Colegrove +5 more
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Wire-feed additive manufacturing of metal components: technologies, developments and future interests
TL;DR: In this paper, an in depth review of various process aspects of wire-feed additive manufacturing, including quality and accuracy of wirefeed AM processed components, is presented, and the overall objective is to identify the current challenges for wire feed additive manufacturing as well as point out the future research direction.
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Marangoni effects in welding
TL;DR: Thermocapillary forces were shown to play a part in the problems of ‘off–centre welding’, ‘porosity’ and ‘arc wander’ in GTA/TIG welding in the surface rippling of welds.
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•Journal Article
Mechanism for minor element effect on gta fusion zone geometry
Cr Heiple,Roper +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, it is proposed that surface tension driven fluid flow (Marangoni convection) is responsible in many cases for the fluid flow pattern produced in weld pools and that minor elements change fluid flow patterns by altering the surface tension gradient.
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Influence of post heat treatments on anisotropy of mechanical behaviour and microstructure of Hastelloy-X parts produced by selective laser melting
TL;DR: In this paper, selective laser melting (SLM) was used to fabricate tensile specimens using Hastelloy-X pre-alloyed powder and they were compared with ones post processed by heat treatments (HT), hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and a combination of both (Hip+HT).
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