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Economic Growth and the Environment
Gene M. Grossman,Alan B. Krueger +1 more
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TL;DR: This article examined the relationship between various environmental indicators and the level of a country's per capita income and found no evidence that environmental quality deteriorates steadily with economic growth, rather, for most indicators, economic growth brings an initial phase of deterioration followed by a subsequent phase of improvement.
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Abstract: Using data assembled by the Global Environmental Monitoring System we examine the reduced-form relationship between various environmental indicators and the level of a country's per capita income. Our study covers four types of indicators: concentrations of urban air pollution; measures of the state of the oxygen regime in river basins; concentrations of fecal contaminants in river basins; and concentrations of heavy metals in river basins. We find no evidence that environmental quality deteriorates steadily with economic growth. Rather, for most indicators, economic growth brings an initial phase of deterioration followed by a subsequent phase of improvement. The turning points for the different pollutants vary, but in most cases they come before a country reaches a per capita income of $8,000.
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Citations
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Incentivizing China's Urban Mayors to Mitigate Pollution Externalities: The Role of the Central Government and Public Environmentalism
TL;DR: Li et al. as discussed by the authors examined the political economy of urban leaders' incentives to tackle pollution issues and presented evidence consistent with the hypothesis that both the central government and the public are placing pressure on China's urban leaders to mitigate externalities.
169
China’s regional CO2 emissions: Characteristics, inter-regional transfer and emission reduction policies
TL;DR: In this paper, the characteristics of China's regional CO 2 emissions and effects of economic growth and energy intensity using panel data from 1997 to 2009 were analyzed, and the results showed that there are remarkable regional disparities among eastern, central and western areas, regional elasticities of per capita GDP and energyintensity on CO2 emissions, which reflect the regional differences in economic development, economy structure and restraining function of energy intensity decrease on the emission.
169
Understanding plastics pollution: The role of economic development and technological research.
TL;DR: This paper model the relationship between mismanaged plastic waste and income per capita for 151 countries, and for the first time find empirical support for the environmental Kuznets curve using plastics pollution data.
169
Global biodiversity decline of marine and freshwater fish: A cross-national analysis of economic, demographic, and ecological influences
Rebecca Clausen,Richard York +1 more
TL;DR: The authors analyzed cross-national data on the number of threatened fish species within national territorial waters using negative binomial regression and found that, counter to the expectations of neo-liberal theories, economic growth increases the likelihood of fish species becoming threatened within nations.
167
Social capital and national environmental performance: a cross-sectional analysis
TL;DR: This paper provided the first empirical test of the empirical relationships between national measures of social capital (civic and public), social divergence, and social capacity on various indicators of national environmental performance.
References
An Association between Air Pollution and Mortality in Six U.S. Cities
Douglas W. Dockery,C A Pope rd,X Xu,John D. Spengler,James H. Ware,Martha E. Fay,Benjamin G. Ferris,Frank E. Speizer +7 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that fine-particulate air pollution, or a more complex pollution mixture associated with fine particulate matter, contributes to excess mortality in certain U.S. cities.
8K
The Penn World Table (Mark 5): An Expanded Set of International Comparisons, 1950–1988
Robert Summers,Alan Heston +1 more
TL;DR: The Penn World Table as discussed by the authors is a set of national accounts economic time series covering many countries and its expenditure entries are denominated in common set of prices in a common currency so that real quantity comparisons can be made, both between countries and over time.
3.6K
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The Penn World Table (Mark 5): An Expanded Set of International Comparisons, 1950-1987
Robert Summers,Alan Heston +1 more
TL;DR: The Penn World Table as discussed by the authors is a set of national accounts economic time series covering many countries and its expenditure entries are denominated in common set of prices in a common currency so that real quantity comparisons can be made, both between countries and over time.
3.1K
Environmental Quality and Development: Is There a Kuznets Curve for Air Pollution Emissions?
Thomas M. Selden,Daqing Song +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the inverted-U relationship between pollution and economic development and found that per capita emissions of suspended particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, and carbon monoxide exhibit inverted U-shaped relationships with per capita GDP.
3K
Stoking the fires? CO2 emissions and economic growth
TL;DR: The relationship between economic development and carbon dioxide emissions, a greenhouse gas central to global warming predictions, was examined in this article, showing that emissions growth continues because output and population will grow most rapidly in lower-income nations with high marginal propensity to emit (MPE) carbon dioxide.
1.4K