Ecological Adaptations for Breeding in Birds

TL;DR: The first cases of cattle behaving as avian predators, removing nestlings and eggs from three active ground nests in continuously grazed pastures in southwestern Wisconsin, 2000–2001, are documented.

TL;DR: One striking finding was the tendency of territorial breeders to conceal chicks from flying intruders, perhaps to avoid future territorial takeover.

TL;DR: It is concluded that both information and grouping benefits are likely to underlie communal roosting behavior in my focal system and contrary to assertions in the literature, the opportunity to share foraging information can be sufficient to drive the evolution and maintenance of recruitment to food from communal roops.

TL;DR: There was a positive relationship between body mass of mothers and young and there was no relationship between maternal length of forearm or age on size of young at birth or survivorship, which suggests that there may be few environmental or life-history constraints on body size and postnatal growth in P. hastatus.