Journal Article10.2307/j.ctvrxk3d7.26
Earthworm
28 Aug 2020
2
TL;DR: Earthworm Pheretima (Perichaeta) hupeiensis was first described in China and has been reported from various localities in the United States. Its presence in golf courses has initiated a control program.
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Abstract: Pheretima (Perichaeta) hupeiensis was first described by Michaelsen (1895) from a specimen collected at Shi-hui-yao near Wuchang, Hupei Province, China. Since then the species has been recorded from a number of localities in China, Korea, and Manchuria. The first verified report of P. hupeiensis in the United States is given by Chen (1933) from a specimen collected at Philadelphia, Pa. Gates (1935) reports that the species was discovered by Dr. W. R. Walton of the U. S. Department of Agriculture on a golf course near Catonsville, Md., in 1935. A specimen collected at Washington, D. C, is also reported by Gates. Numerous reports from golf links in the mid-1 930's of an exotic earthworm were probably concerned with P. hupeiensis. Its outbreak in Westchester County, N. Y., and in Fairfield County, Conn., initiated a control program by the Connecticut Agriculture Experiment Station, as the large number of castings deposited by the worms on golf greens of the area was becoming a serious problem. Chen (1933) suggests that the species
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References
Memoirs: On the Blood-Vascular System of the Earthworm Pheretima, and the Course of the Circulation in Earthworms
TL;DR: The examination of valves and experiments by cutting and pinching the blood-vessels in Pheretima confirm the results of Johnstone for Lumbricus as regards the course of blood in dorsointestinals and commissurals and make Bourne9s theory untenable.
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