Early flower development in Arabidopsis.
TL;DR: The early development of the flower of Arabidopsis thaliana is described from initiation until the opening of the bud, and the morphogenesis, growth rate, and surface structure of floral organs were recorded in detail using scanning electron microscopy.
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Abstract: The early development of the flower of Arabidopsis thaliana is described from initiation until the opening of the bud The morphogenesis, growth rate, and surface structure of floral organs were recorded in detail using scanning electron microscopy Flower development has been divided into 12 stages using a series of landmark events Stage 1 begins with the initiation of a floral buttress on the flank of the apical meristem Stage 2 commences when the flower primordium becomes separate from the meristem Sepal primordia then arise (stage 3) and grow to overlie the primordium (stage 4) Petal and stamen primordia appear next (stage 5) and are soon enclosed by the sepals (stage 6) During stage 6, petal primordia grow slowly, whereas stamen primordia enlarge more rapidly Stage 7 begins when the medial stamens become stalked These soon develop locules (stage 8) A long stage 9 then commences with the petal primordia becoming stalked During this stage all organs lengthen rapidly This includes the gynoecium, which commences growth as an open-ended tube during stage 6 When the petals reach the length of the lateral stamens, stage 10 begins Stigmatic papillae appear soon after (stage 11), and the petals rapidly reach the height of the medial stamens (stage 12) This final stage ends when the 1-millimeter-long bud opens Under our growing conditions 19 buds were initiated per day on average, and they took 1325 days to progress through the 12 stages from initiation until opening
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Citations
Auxin and cytokinin act during gynoecial patterning and the development of ovules from the meristematic medial domain
Bhupinder Sehra,Robert G. Franks +1 more
TL;DR: This review focuses on molecular aspects of the development of the Arabidopsis thaliana gynoecium, and highlights what has been learned recently with respect to the role of auxin.
Site-Specific N- Glycosylation of the S-Locus Receptor Kinase and Its Role in the Self-Incompatibility Response of the Brassicaceae
TL;DR: Insight is provided into the function of a receptor that regulates a critical phase of the plant life cycle and represents a valuable addition to the limited information available on the contribution of N-glycosylation to the subcellular trafficking and function of plant receptor kinases.
A plant biostimulant from the seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum (Sealicit) reduces podshatter and yield loss in oilseed rape through modulation of IND expression.
Łukasz Łangowski,Oscar Goñi,Patrick Quille,Pauline Stephenson,Nicholas Carmody,Ewan Feeney,David Barton,Lars Østergaard,Shane O’Connell +8 more
TL;DR: The results indicate that Sealicit is affecting the expression of the major regulator of pod shattering, INDEHISCENT, as well as disrupting the auxin minimum, which influence the formation of the dehiscence zone and consequently reduce pod shattering.
Patterns of Petal and Stamen Reduction in Australian Species of Lepidium L. (Brassicaceae)
John L. Bowman,David R. Smyth +1 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that reduction occurs by three independent mechanisms: petal primordia are always formed, but their growth is suppressed in species in which they are reduced, and nectaries also vary between species, but they arise late in flower development and are not part of the floral ground plan.
31
Knockin' on pollen's door: live cell imaging of early polarization events in germinating Arabidopsis pollen.
TL;DR: The method presented here is suitable to quantitatively study subcellular events during Arabidopsis pollen germination and growth, and for the detailed analysis of pollen mutants with respect to pollen polarization, bulging, or growth site selection at the pollen plasma membrane.
References
Genes directing flower development in Arabidopsis.
TL;DR: It seems that the wild-type alleles of these four genes allow cells to determine their place in the developing flower and thus to differentiate appropriately and is proposed that these genes may be involved in setting up or responding to concentric, overlapping fields within the flower primordium.
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AP2 Gene Determines the Identity of Perianth Organs in Flowers of Arabidopsis thaliana.
TL;DR: The analysis of the floral morphology and ontogeny of three mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana suggests that the AP2 gene is required early in floral development to direct primordia of the first and second whorls to develop as perianth rather than as reproductive organs.
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Floral development in Arabidopsis thaliana: a comparison of the wild type and the homeotic pistillata mutant
TL;DR: This work compared the ontogeny of wild type and pistillata flowers to determine the developmental basis for their divergent final forms and found the first observable difference between the two floral forms is abnormal patterns of cell division in pistills at stamen inception.
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Abnormal flowers and pattern formation in floral
TL;DR: “From their acquaintance with this abnormal enabled to unveil the secrets that normal us, and to see distinctly what, from the regular the authors can only infer.
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