Duration judgments over multiple elements.
TL;DR: Investigation of the limits of the number of events observers can simultaneously time found no perceptual mechanisms for aggregating local durations across space and duration discrimination thresholds were significantly lower for single elements as compared to multiple elements.
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Abstract: We investigated the limits of the number of events observers can simultaneously time. For single targets occurring in one of eight positions sensitivity to duration was improved for spatially pre-cued items as compared to post-cued items indicating that exogenous driven attention can improve duration discrimination. Sensitivity to duration for pre-cued items was also marginally better for single items as compared to eight items indicating that even after the allocation of focal attention, distracter items can interfere with the encoding of duration. For an eight item array discrimination was worse for post-cued locations as compared to pre-cued locations indicating both that attention can improve duration discrimination performance and that it was not possible to access a perfect memory trace of the duration of eight elements. The interference from the distracters in the pre-cued eight item array may reflect some mandatory averaging of target and distracter events. To further explore duration averaging we asked subjects to explicitly compare average durations of multiple item arrays against a single item standard duration. Duration discrimination thresholds were significantly lower for single elements as compared to multiple elements, showing that averaging, either automatically or intentionally, impairs duration discrimination. There was no set size effect. Performance was the same for averages of two and eight items, but performance with even an average of two items was worse than for one item. This was also true for sequential presentation indicating poor performance was not due to limits on the division of attention across items. Rather performance appears to be limited by an inability to remember or aggregate duration information from two or more items. Although it is possible to manipulate perceived duration locally, there appears to be no perceptual mechanisms for aggregating local durations across space.
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Citations
Timing in a dual-task in children and adults: when the interference effect is higher with concurrent non-temporal than temporal information
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a dual task with participants of different levels of cognitive capacities, assessed with neuropsychological tests, to examine the attentional cost on time judgment of proces.
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Duration estimates within a modality are integrated sub-optimally
Ming Bo Cai,David M. Eagleman +1 more
TL;DR: The perceived duration of a pair of dynamic visual stimuli of different temporal frequencies in comparison to that of a single visual stimulus of either low or high temporal frequency is investigated and the duration representation of simultaneously occurring visual stimuli is found to be best described by weighting the estimates of duration based on each individual stimulus.
Time-Order Errors in Duration Judgment Are Independent of Spatial Positioning
TL;DR: This study suggests that while temporal information may be encoded in some spatial form, it is not dependent on visual short-term memory and suggests there is an intrinsic memory component to two interval tasks in that the information from the first interval has to be stored; this is more demanding when the standard is presented in the second interval.
When an Event Is Perceived Depends on Where We Attend.
TL;DR: It is found that the time of an event is perceived earlier if it is presented near attended features in the visual scene if the stimulus is presented in spatial proximity to the clock outline.
7
Regular Is Longer.
Kyoshiro Sasaki,Yuki Yamada +1 more
TL;DR: It is found that stimulus regularity is one of the factors that influence time perception.
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