Dramatic decrease in prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths and new insights into intestinal protozoa in children living in the Chaco region, Bolivia.
Fabio Macchioni,Higinio Segundo,Simona Gabrielli,Valentina Totino,Patricia Rojas Gonzales,Esteban Salazar,Ricardo Bozo,Alessandro Bartoloni,Gabriella Cancrini +8 more
TL;DR: The dramatic decrease in prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths with respect to that observed about 20 years ago evidences the success of the preventive chemotherapy intervention implemented in 1986 and should be intensified to control protozoan infections.
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Abstract: We assessed the prevalence of intestinal parasites among 268 2–12-year-old children living in rural areas, small villages, and semi-urban areas of the Chaco region, south-eastern Bolivia. The overall parasitism was 69%. Only protozoa, helminths, or co-infections were observed in 89.2%, 5.9%, or 4.9% of the positive children, respectively. A significant progressive increase in overall parasite prevalence was found when passing from rural areas to small villages and semi-urban areas. The most commonly found species were Entamoeba coli (38.4%), Giardia intestinalis (37.7%), and Blastocystis spp. (16%). Hymenolepis nana was the most prevalent helminth (5.6%), followed by Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworms (1.5% and 0.4%) evidenced only in rural areas and in villages. Molecular diagnostics identified Blastocystis subtypes 9 and 2, and 5 infections by Entamoeba histolytica and 4 by Entamoeba dispar. The dramatic decrease in prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths with respect to that observed about 20 years ago (> 40%) evidences the success of the preventive chemotherapy intervention implemented in 1986. Health education and improved sanitation should be intensified to control protozoan infections.
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A summary of Blastocystis subtypes in North and South America
TL;DR: This summary updates the epidemiological situation on the distribution of Blastocystis STs in North and South America and will augment current knowledge on the prevalence and genetic diversity of this protozoan.
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Spatial and Molecular Epidemiology of Giardia intestinalis Deep in the Amazon, Brazil
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TL;DR: The wide distribution observed in a small city suggests the presence of multiple sources of infection, which could be related to environmental contamination with feces, possibly of human and animal origin, highlighting the need of improving sanitation, safe water supply and access to diagnosis and adequate treatment of infections.
An update on the distribution of Blastocystis subtypes in the Americas
TL;DR: In this article , the authors conducted an update based on studies reporting Blastocystis-positive samples obtained from diverse hosts in the Americas and described the distribution throughout the continent by assembling maps representing the distribution of STs and the most important 18S-rRNA alleles.
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Prevalence and predictors associated with intestinal infections by protozoa and helminths in southern Brazil
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TL;DR: A relatively low prevalence in primary care, compared to international standards, is confirmed, despite the rare publications in the area, and male gender and the absence of a kitchen garden stood out as important predictors.
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