Does the mental lexicon exist
TL;DR: The different views of mental lexicon structure andcontent are discussed and the discussion of Elman’s new proposal is tried to proceed, to confront it to data obtained by behavioral, neuroimaging and computational studies.
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Abstract: : One of the central and mostintriguing components of language processing to researchers is the mentallexicon. The term was used for the first time by Ann Triesman in 1961 and westill do not have clear answers on how it is structured and how muchinformation it contains, or even if there is something to be called a mentallexicon. For some time, mental lexicon has been compared to a mental dictionaryboth storing and organizing word knowledge; however, they are surely differentin structure and quantity/quality of information. Neuroimaging studies havealso tried to bring contributions to these questions. Some researchers believethat there are many lexicons, one for each level of stored information (ULLMAN, 2007): orthographic, phonological, semantic and syntactic lexicons. Another group of researchers (MCCLELLAND; ROGERS, 2003; SEIDENBERG, 1997, etc.) postulates the existence of only onelexicon where all information levels are integrated. Recently, a new audaciousproposal has been done by Elman (2009), the inexistence of a mental lexicon. Inthis paper, we discuss the different views of mental lexicon structure andcontent. We try to proceed on the discussion of Elman’s new proposal andconfront it to data obtained by behavioral, neuroimaging and computationalstudies. Keywords : Linguistic Knowledge; Mental Lexicon; Network Architecture; Language Processing; Language Description. Resumo : Um dos componentes mais centrais e intrigantes do processamento da linguagem para os pesquisadores e o lexico mental. O termo foi usado pela primeira vez por Ann Triesman em 1961 e ate o momento nao temos respostas claras sobre como ele e estruturado e quanta informacao contem, ou mesmo se existe algo a ser chamado de lexico mental. Durante algum tempo, o lexico mental foi comparado a um dicionario mental, responsavel por armazenar e organizar o conhecimento de palavras; entretanto, certamente ha distincoes em termos de estrutura e quantidade / qualidade de informacao armazenada. Alguns pesquisadores acreditam que existem varios lexicos, um para cada nivel de informacao (ULLMAN, 2007): lexico ortografico, fonologico, semântico e sintatico. Outro grupo de pesquisadores (MCCLELLAND; ROGERS, 2003; SEIDENBERG, 1997, etc.) defende a existencia de apenas um lexico no qual todos os niveis de informacao estao integrados. Recentemente, Elman (2009) apresentou uma nova e audaciosa proposta: a inexistencia do lexico mental. Neste artigo, discutimos as diferentes perspectivas de estrutura e conteudo do lexico mental com o proposito de questionar a arquitetura do conhecimento lexical no cerebro em contrapartida ao que pode ser conscientemente concebido como conhecimento lexical do falante. Procuramos dar continuidade a discussao proposta por Elman e confronta-la com dados obtidos por estudos comportamentais, computacionais e de neuroimagem. Esta revisao teorica explica brevemente a evolucao das concepcoes sobre o lexico mental desde a proposta da analogia ao dicionario ate a proposta de sua inexistencia. Palavras-chave : conhecimento linguistico; lexico mental; arquitetura em rede; processamento da linguagem; descricao da linguagem.
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