Diverse phytoplasmas associated with maize bushy stunt disease in Peru
Delia Gamarra Gamarra,Charo M. Villar,G. Suárez,Walter Darlyn Ingaruca Esteban,Nicoletta Contaldo,Emerson Clovis Carrasco Lozano,Assunta Bertaccini +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper , a BLASTn search of sequenced genes showed that the two Candidatus phytoplasma strains identified in corn shares 100% and 99.82% identity with the Ca. P. asteris-related strains, respectively.
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Abstract: Abstract Corn plants showing symptoms of midribs chlorosis, and leaf reddening, short internodes, ear proliferation, and plant growth reduction were collected in Peru from fields in nine localities in the provinces of Huancayo, Chupaca, and Jauja in the Junín region, and tested to verify phytoplasma presence and identity. Primers amplifying the phytoplasma ribosomal 16S and ribosomal protein genes were used. The phytoplasma presence was detected in symptomatic samples from all the surveyed areas. The sequencing of the obtained amplicons indicated the presence of ‘ Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’ and ‘ Ca . P. pruni ’-related strains. A BLASTn search of sequenced genes showed that the two ‘ Candidatus Phytoplasma’ strains identified in corn shares 100% and 99.82% identity with the ‘ Ca. P. asteris ’ strains from maize and 99.92% and 99.55% with ‘Ca. P. pruni ’-related strains, respectively. The RFLP analyses allowed to enclose these phytoplasma strains in the 16SrI-B and 16SrIII-J subgroups; however, the two phytoplasmas were, in some cases, present in mixed infection. The 16SrIII-J phytoplasma is for the first time reported associated with the maize bushy stunt disease and this represent a relevant information for the disease epidemiology towards its appropriate management in the affected area.
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Citations
Development of a Specific Nested PCR Assay for the Detection of 16SrI Group Phytoplasmas Associated with Sisal Purple Leafroll Disease in Sisal Plants and Mealybugs
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper developed a specific nested PCR assay using universal primers R16F2n/R16R2, followed by a set of primers designed on 16Sr gene sequences amplified from SPLDaP, nontarget bacteria from sisal plants, and other phytoplasma subgroups or groups.
Phytoplasma-Associated Diseases in South America: Thirty Years of Research
H. G. Montano,Assunta Bertaccini,Nicola Fiore +2 more
TL;DR: Phytoplasma-associated diseases are mainly insect-transmitted and are present worldwide. The geographic distribution of phytoplasma taxa in South America is summarized, including the insect vectors and plant host range.
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Detection and molecular identification of a 16SrI group phytoplasma associated with sisal purple leafroll disease
Guihua Wang,Weihuai Wu,Jingen Xi,He Chen,Chunping He,Ye Li,Jinlong Zheng,John S. Hu,Kexian Yi +8 more
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper used nested PCR using the universal primer R16mF2/R16mR1 followed by R16F2n/r16R2 was confirmed as the most effective molecular method for the detection of phytoplasma in sisal.
References
Evidence for co-evolution of leafhoppers in the genus Dalbulus (Cicadellidae: Homoptera) with maize and its ancestors.
Lowell R. Nault,D. M. Delong +1 more
TL;DR: Dalbulus tripsacoides is morphologically the most primitive member of the genus Dalbulus, supporting the hypothesis that leafhoppers of the species DalBulus coevolved with maize from its Tripsacum ancestors and speculation that the DalbulUS species and the corn stunt spiroplasma, maize bushy stunt mycoplasma and maize rayado fino virus have influenced the speciation and distribution of maize.