Book Chapter10.1016/B978-0-12-385531-2.00001-3
Dissolved Organic Matter: Biogeochemistry, Dynamics, and Environmental Significance in Soils
Nanthi Bolan,Domy C. Adriano,Anitha Kunhikrishnan,Trevor K. James,Richard W. McDowell,Nicola Senesi +5 more
710
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors highlight knowledge on the production of dissolved organic matter in soils under different management regimes, identify its sources and sinks, and integrate its dynamics with various soil processes.
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Abstract: Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is defined as the organic matter fraction in solution that passes through a 0.45 μm filter. Although DOM is ubiquitous in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, it represents only a small proportion of the total organic matter in soil. However, DOM, being the most mobile and actively cycling organic matter fraction, influences a spectrum of biogeochemical processes in the aquatic and terrestrial environments. Biological fixation of atmospheric CO 2 during photosynthesis by higher plants is the primary driver of global carbon cycle. A major portion of the carbon in organic matter in the aquatic environment is derived from the transport of carbon produced in the terrestrial environment. However, much of the terrestrially produced DOM is consumed by microbes, photo degraded, or adsorbed in soils and sediments as it passes to the ocean. The majority of DOM in terrestrial and aquatic environments is ultimately returned to atmosphere as CO 2 through microbial respiration, thereby renewing the atmospheric CO 2 reserve for photosynthesis. Dissolved organic matter plays a significant role in influencing the dynamics and interactions of nutrients and contaminants in soils and microbial functions, thereby serving as a sensitive indicator of shifts in ecological processes. This chapter aims to highlight knowledge on the production of DOM in soils under different management regimes, identify its sources and sinks, and integrate its dynamics with various soil processes. Understanding the significance of DOM in soil processes can enhance development of strategies to mitigate DOM-induced environmental impacts. This review encourages greater interactions between terrestrial and aquatic biogeochemists and ecologists, which is essential for unraveling the fundamental biogeochemical processes involved in the synthesis of DOM in terrestrial ecosystem, its subsequent transport to aquatic ecosystem, and its role in environmental sustainability, buffering of nutrients and pollutants (metal(loid)s and organics), and the net effect on the global carbon cycle.
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Citations
Biochar as a sorbent for contaminant management in soil and water: a review.
Mahtab Ahmad,Anushka Upamali Rajapaksha,Jung Eun Lim,Ming Zhang,Nanthi Bolan,Dinesh Mohan,Meththika Vithanage,Sang Soo Lee,Yong Sik Ok,Yong Sik Ok,Yong Sik Ok +10 more
TL;DR: Due to complexity of soil-water system in nature, the effectiveness of biochars on remediation of various organic/inorganic contaminants is still uncertain.
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TL;DR: The remediation of heavy metal(loid) contaminated soils through manipulating their bioavailability using a range of soil amendments will be presented.
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Multi-faceted particle pumps drive carbon sequestration in the ocean
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Long-Term Consequences of Grazing and Burning on Northern Peatland Carbon Dynamics
Abstract: Using a 50-year-old field experiment, we investigated the effects of the long-term land management practices of repeated burning and grazing on peatland vegetation and carbon dynamics (C). Plant community composition, C stocks in soils and vegetation, and C fluxes of CO2, CH4 and DOC, were measured over an 18-month period. We found that both burning and grazing reduced aboveground C stocks, and that burning reduced C stocks in the surface peat. Both burning and grazing strongly affected vegetation community composition, causing an increase in graminoids and a decrease in ericoid subshrubs and bryophytes relative to unburned and ungrazed controls; this effect was especially pronounced in burned treatments. Soil microbial properties were unaffected by grazing and showed minor responses to burning, in that the C:N ratio of the microbial biomass increased in burned relative to unburned treatments. Increases in the gross ecosystem CO2 fluxes of respiration and photosynthesis were observed in burned and grazed treatments relative to controls. Here, the greatest effects were seen in the burning treatment, where the mean increase in gross fluxes over the experimental period was greater than 40%. Increases in gross CO2 fluxes were greatest during the summer months, suggesting an interactive effect of land use and climate on ecosystem C cycling. Collectively, our results indicate that long-term management of peatland has marked effects on ecosystem C dynamics and CO2 flux, which are primarily related to changes in vegetation community structure.
Seasonal changes in organic compounds in soil solutions obtained from volcanic ash soils under different land uses
TL;DR: In this article, the organic matter composition in soil solutions was investigated as influenced by land use, and the concentrations of organic carbon (DOC), hexoses, pentoses, phenolic acids and amino acids were determined.
A model linking organic matter decomposition, chemistry and aggregate dynamics
Ahmad Golchin,Jeff Baldock,J.M. Oades +2 more
- 01 Jan 1998
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a model of organic carbon decomposition and its relationship with the carbon cycle in the Soil Carbon Pool in the United States of America and Canada.
Electron Spin Resonance Investigation of Copper(II) Complexation by Fulvic Acid Extracted from Sewage Sludge
TL;DR: In this article, electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra are reported for copper(II)-fulvic acid complexes prepared with fulvic acid (FA) samples extracted from two different anaerobically-digested sewage sludges.