Direct 3D bioprinting of perfusable vascular constructs using a blend bioink

TL;DR: New approaches include technical solutions such as in situ cross-linking or gelation processes that now can be performed during the bioprinting process, modified bioinks that combine suitable viscosity and cytocompatible gelation mechanisms, and utilization of additional materials to provide mechanical strength to the cell-laden constructs.

TL;DR: Alginate will be described in detail with respect to its chemistry, cross-linking behavior, biocompatibility, manufacturing capacity, and possible modifications.

TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper presented a simple and general strategy to construct a nanofibrous poly( l -lactide)/poly(e-caprolactone) (PLLA/PCL) scaffold with interconnected perfusable microchannel networks (IPMs) based on 3D printing technology by combining the phase separation and sacrificial template methods.

TL;DR: The composition and synthesis of hydrogels, the character of their absorbed water, and permeation of solutes within their swollen matrices are reviewed to identify the most important properties relevant to their biomedical applications.

TL;DR: The properties of hydrogels that are important for tissue engineering applications and the inherent material design constraints and challenges are discussed.

TL;DR: An integrated tissue–organ printer (ITOP) that can fabricate stable, human-scale tissue constructs of any shape is presented and the incorporation of microchannels into the tissue constructs facilitates diffusion of nutrients to printed cells, thereby overcoming the diffusion limit of 100–200 μm for cell survival in engineered tissues.

TL;DR: Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels have been widely used for various biomedical applications due to their suitable biological properties and tunable physical characteristics and are demonstrated in a wide range of tissue engineering applications including engineering of bone, cartilage, cardiac, and vascular tissues, among others.