Book Chapter10.1016/B978-0-08-096701-1.00009-4
Dilute Solution Viscometry
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TL;DR: Dilute solution viscometry as mentioned in this paper is a commonly used method for quantifying the increase in viscosity of polymers in a solution, and is used to estimate the molecular weight of a polymer.
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Abstract: One of the most characteristic features of a dilute polymer solution is that its viscosity is considerably higher than that of the pure solvent. This arises because of the large differences in size between polymer and solvent molecules, and can be significant even at very low polymer concentrations, especially for polyelectrolytes and polymers with high molecular weights. Dilute solution viscometry is concerned with accurate quantitative measurement of the increase in viscosity and allows determination of the intrinsic ability of a polymer to increase the viscosity of a particular solvent at a given temperature. This quantity provides a wealth information relating to the size of the polymer molecular shape, degree of polymerization and polymer–solvent interactions. Most commonly, however, it is used to estimate the molecular weight of a polymer. This involves the use of semi-empirical equations which have to be established for each polymer/solvent/temperature system by analysis of polymer samples whose molecular weights are known. Thus the estimates of molecular weight are not absolute. Nevertheless, in comparison to other methods for characterization of polymers in solution (e.g. membrane osmometry and light scattering), dilute solution viscometry is simple, fast and inexpensive. It also has the advantage that it is applicable over the complete range of attainable molecular weights. For these reasons, dilute solution viscometry has been the most widely used method of polymer characterization since the birth of polymer science and continues to be used today.
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Citations
Dilute solution properties of carboxymethyl celluloses of various molecular weights and degrees of substitution.
Esau Arinaitwe,Marek Pawlik +1 more
TL;DR: It was demonstrated that the raw viscosity data could be represented by the Fedors equation allowing for accurate determination of the intrinsic viscosities, and it was found that the lowest molecular weight CMC was most flexible among the tested samples.
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Viscosity, molecular weight and concentration relationships at 298 K of low molecular weight cis-polyisoprene in a good solvent
TL;DR: A series of homopolymers of cis-polyisoprene (PIP) ranging from 1180 to 115,000 molecular weight were used to explore viscosity and the scaling relationship between visco-ity and concentration in dodecane (good solvent) as discussed by the authors.
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Solution characterization of the novel organometallic polymer poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilane)
TL;DR: In this paper, a series of four well-defined poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilane) (PFS) samples spanning a molecular weight range of approximately 10,000-100,000 g mol−1 was synthesized by the living anionic polymerization of dimethyl[1]silaferrocenophane initiated with n-BuLi.
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Master curve for concentration dependence of semi-dilute solution viscosity of chitosan homologues: the Martin equation
TL;DR: The concentration dependence of solution viscosity of polymers is described by Martin equation up to moderate concentrations, and the equation constant provides a measure of polymer-polymer interactions in a given solvent.
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Intrinsic viscosities of polyelectrolytes in the absence and in the presence of extra salt: Consequences of the stepwise conversion of dextran into a polycation
TL;DR: Viscosities of dilute polymer solutions were measured in capillary viscometers for samples varying in their fraction f of charged units to modeled quantitatively by Boltzmann sigmoids.
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TL;DR: A good introduction to the history of the POLYMER CHEMISTRY can be found in this paper, where the authors present a good overview of the history and history of their work.
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Eine neue Bestimmung der Moleküldimensionen
A. Einstein
TL;DR: The paper "Eine neue Bestimmung der Moleküldimensionen" by A. Einstein and A. Einstein Bern is a seminal work in physics that introduces a new method for determining molecular dimensions.
Röntgenuntersuchung gelöster Fadenmoleküle
O. Kratky,G. Porod +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the abscissa of the intersecting point of the 1/v2 and 1 /v branches, when extrapolated to the transition region, is connected in a characteristic way with the statistical chain element or the length of persistance, which represent two different measures for the stiffness of the chain molecule.
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