Journal Article10.1126/SCIENCE.1260144
Dialogue between skin microbiota and immunity
Yasmine Belkaid,Julia A. Segre +1 more
TL;DR: This Review explores the intricate interactions of microbes and immune cells on the skin surface and within associated appendages to regulate this orchestrated maturation in the context of both host physiological changes and environmental challenges.
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Abstract: Human skin, the body’s largest organ, functions as a physical barrier to bar the entry of foreign pathogens, while concomitantly providing a home to myriad commensals. Over a human’s life span, keratinized skin cells, immune cells, and microbes all interact to integrate the processes of maintaining skin’s physical and immune barrier under homeostatic healthy conditions and also under multiple stresses, such as wounding or infection. In this Review, we explore the intricate interactions of microbes and immune cells on the skin surface and within associated appendages to regulate this orchestrated maturation in the context of both host physiological changes and environmental challenges.
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Citations
Microbial homeostasis and dysbiosis in physiological and pathological skin
Yuyang Gan,Jiarui Zhang,Fangfang Qi,Elizabeth A Grice,Luis A. Garza,Gaofeng Wang,Yuyang Gan,Jiarui Zhang,Fangfang Qi,Elizabeth A Grice,Luis A. Garza,Gaofeng Wang +11 more
Abstract: The human skin serves as a major reservoir of mutualists that penetrate skin appendages and contribute to skin development, barrier repair, appendage health, and wound healing. The skin microbiota exhibits significant shifts in community composition in response to pathological skin conditions, such as impaired barrier integrity, follicular-sebaceous-related diseases, and wound healing, which contribute to the progression of skin diseases. Crosstalk among bacteria, fungi, and viruses and their collective effects on the host are critical determinants of skin health and disease. This review discusses the changes in the skin microbiota under both physiological and pathological conditions, with a particular focus on bacterial strains, virulence factors, and pathogenic genes, and their impact on host outcomes. Additionally, we preview the emerging clinical applications of specific bacterial strains, microbial competition, fungal cooperation, phage therapy, and engineered microbial interventions.
A Perspective on the Interplay of Ultraviolet-Radiation, Skin Microbiome and Skin Resident Memory TCRαβ+ Cells.
TL;DR: In this article, the persistence, phenotype, specificity, and function of skin resident memory T cells (TRM) were studied and the interplay of TRM with skin residing microbes may be crucial in pathophysiology of various diseases including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and polymorphic light eruption.
Evidence of Bioactive Compounds from Vernonia polyanthes Leaves with Topical Anti-Inflammatory Potential
Kamilla C. M. Rodrigues,Lucas A. Chibli,Bruna C. S. Santos,Vanessa dos Santos Temponi,Nícolas de Castro Campos Pinto,Elita Scio,Glauciemar Del-Vechio-Vieira,Maria Silvana Alves,Orlando Vieira de Sousa +8 more
TL;DR: Topical anti-inflammatory effects of the hexane (HEVP) and ethyl acetate (EAEVP) extracts from V. polyanthes leaves are effective against cutaneous damage, which support its traditional use and open up new possibilities for the treatment of skin disorders.
General aspects regarding the skin microbiome
R Mikolajczyk,L M Roesner +1 more
TL;DR: New developments in the (physiological) composition of the skin microbiota are addressed and next generation high-throughput DNA sequencing techniques enabled investigations on the microorganisms living in and on body surfaces are summarized.
Behaviour and sun exposure in holidaymakers alters skin microbiota composition and diversity
T. Willmott,Paul M. Campbell,Christopher E.M. Griffiths,Clare O'Connor,M. Bell,Rachel E.B. Watson,Andrew J. McBain,A.K. Langton +7 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that sun exposure can affect the diversity and composition of the skin microbiota, which may have downstream effects on skin health.
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that metabolism by intestinal microbiota of dietary l-carnitine, a trimethylamine abundant in red meat, also produces TMAO and accelerates atherosclerosis in mice, and intestinal microbiota may contribute to the well-established link between high levels of red meat consumption and CVD risk.
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TL;DR: The results indicate that the microbiota, although personalized, varies systematically across body habitats and time; such trends may ultimately reveal how microbiome changes cause or prevent disease.
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