Diagnostic performance of Midkine ratios in fine-needle aspirates for evaluation of Cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules.
Le Zhou,Jinxi Jiang,Yantao Fu,Daqi Zhang,Tong Li,Qingfeng Fu,Chao Yan,Yifan Zhong,Gianlorenzo Dionigi,Nan Liang,Hui Sun +10 more
TL;DR: In this article, the role of midkine (MK) and its ratios in fine-needle aspirates (FNA) for predicting thyroid malignancy was evaluated.
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Abstract: BACKGROUND Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a basic diagnostic tool for thyroid nodules. However, 15-30% of nodules are cytologically indeterminate. Midkine (MK), a pleiotropic growth factor, is often upregulated in patients with cancers. This study aimed to evaluate the role of MK and its ratios in fine-needle aspirates (FNA) for predicting thyroid malignancy. METHODS This retrospective study included patients with thyroid nodules who underwent preoperative FNA and/or thyroidectomy between April 2017 and September 2017. MK levels in FNA washout were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and thyroglobulin (TG) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels in FNA washout were measured by chemiluminescent immunometric assays. RESULTS A total of 217 patients with 242 nodules were included in this study. The concentrations of TG, FT4, MK/TG, MK/FT4, and FT4/MK were significantly different between papillary thyroid carcinomas and benign thyroid nodules. Both MK/TG and MK/FT4 ratios were positively correlated with maximum tumor diameter, extrathyroidal extension, and T and N stages. The area under the curve for MK/TG was 0.719 with a cutoff value of 55.57 ng/mg, while the area under the curve for MK/FT4 was 0.677 with a cutoff value of 0.11 μg/pmol. FNAC in combination with MK/FT4 had a higher sensitivity (95% vs. 91%) and accuracy (96% vs. 92%) than FNAC alone for cytologically indeterminate specimens, those of unknown significance, or those suspected of malignancy. CONCLUSIONS MK/FT4 and MK/TG may have diagnostic utility for evaluation of papillary thyroid carcinomas, particularly for cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules.
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TL;DR: The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) established a standardized, category-based reporting system for thyroid fine-needle aspiration specimens, and the 2017 revision reaffirms that every thyroid FNA report should begin with one of six diagnostic categories.
Midkine (MDK) growth factor: a key player in cancer progression and a promising therapeutic target.
TL;DR: The current knowledge on midkine expression and function in cancer development and progression is summarized, and its promising potential as a cancer biomarker and as a future therapeutic target in personalized cancer medicine is highlighted.
Serum midkine levels are increased in patients with various types of carcinomas
Shinya Ikematsu,A Yano,Kuniaki Aridome,M Kikuchi,Hideshi Kumai,H Nagano,K Okamoto,Munehiro Oda,Sadatoshi Sakuma,Takashi Aikou,Hideki Muramatsu,Kenji Kadomatsu,Takashi Muramatsu +12 more
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