Development of an Integrated Immunology and Vaccines Pharmacy Elective
TL;DR: Students indicated that this course was valuable to their future pharmacy careers and provided insight into why people choose not to vaccinate and how they could use the course insight to properly educate such individuals.
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Abstract: Objective: To describe an elective course on immunology and vaccines for pharmacy students that extends beyond basic immunization training.
Design: A three credit-hour Immunology and Vaccines elective was developed and taught by an immunologist, policy research expert, and pharmacist. The learning objectives of the course included: understanding how the immune system works with vaccines to provide protection against infectious diseases, the history and policies involved in immunization practice, and how to counsel the vaccine hesitant individual. Classes were conducted using a variety of formats; group projects, lectures, films, literature reviews and guest speakers. An end-of-course evaluation was used to gauge student opinion on course value. Students were evaluated by four exams and a final group presentation.
Conclusion: Students indicated that this course was valuable to their future pharmacy careers and provided insight into why people choose not to vaccinate and how they could use the course insight to properly educate such individuals.
Conflict of Interest
We declare no conflicts of interest or financial interests that the authors or members of their immediate families have in any product or service discussed in the manuscript, including grants (pending or received), employment, gifts, stock holdings or options, honoraria, consultancies, expert testimony, patents and royalties
Type: Note
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References
Center for the Advancement of Pharmacy Education 2013 Educational Outcomes
Melissa S. Medina,Cecilia M. Plaza,Cindy D. Stowe,Evan T. Robinson,Gary E. DeLander,Diane E. Beck,Russell B. Melchert,Robert B. Supernaw,Victoria F. Roche,Brenda L. Gleason,Mark N. Strong,Amanda Bain,Gerald E. Meyer,Betty J. Dong,Jeffrey Rochon,Patty Johnston +15 more
TL;DR: The CAPE 2013 Educational Outcomes were released at the AACP July 2013 Annual meeting and have been revised to include 4 broad domains, 15 subdomains, and example learning objectives.
Association Between Vaccine Refusal and Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in the United States: A Review of Measles and Pertussis
TL;DR: A substantial proportion of the US measles cases in the era after elimination were intentionally unvaccinated, and the phenomenon of vaccine refusal was associated with an increased risk for measles among people who refuse vaccines and among fully vaccinated individuals.
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Pharmacist-administered immunizations: What does your state allow?
TL;DR: Although the extent of pharmacists' authority varies by state, great progress has been made in modernizing states' scope of practice laws and regulations to allow pharmacists to increase immunization rates across the lifespan, while working in coordination and collaboration with the rest of the immunization neighborhood.
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Pharmacist Involvement with Immunizations: A Decade of Professional Advancement
TL;DR: Pharmacists have made significant strides in immunizations over the past decade, as limited activities in the hospital sector have been particularly well documented, as have the perceptions of patients regarding acceptance of pharmacists as immunizers.
Herd immunity: basic concept and relevance to public health immunization practices
TL;DR: An important exception has been vaccination against smallpox which does induce solid though temporary resistance to infection, and presumably as the result of systematic vaccination, endemic smallpox has disappeared from large areas.