Development and bioavailability assessment of ramipril nanoemulsion formulation.

Abstract: This study was performed to investigate and compare the pharmacokinetic characteristics of tylvalosin tartrate in broiler chickens following oral administration of a nanocrystal suspension (PO-NM) or a soluble powder formulation (PO-SP), with intravenous administration (IV) of tylvalosin tartrate serving as the reference standard. A total of 30 healthy broiler chickens were randomly allocated into three groups (PO-NM, PO-SP, and IV; n = 10). Tylvalosin was administered at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight (BW), and blood samples were collected at multiple time points from 0 to 24 h post-administration. Plasma concentrations of tylvalosin were quantified using a validated ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using non-compartmental analysis. The results showed no significant differences in the terminal elimination half-life (t1/2λz) and mean residence time (MRT) between the two oral formulations. However, the time to maximum concentration (Tmax) of PO-NM (0.71 ± 0.09 h) was significantly shorter than that of PO-SP (1.42 ± 0.18 h) (p < 0.05), while the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of PO-NM (255.52 ± 111.88 ng/mL) was markedly higher than that of PO-SP (120.45 ± 45.82 ng/mL) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the absolute bioavailability (F) of PO-NM (15.73 ± 4.29%) showed a modest increase compared with PO-SP (11.45 ± 4.66%); however, this difference did not reach statistical significance. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the PO-NM formulation achieved faster absorption, higher peak plasma levels, and greater systemic exposure compared with PO-SP, without significantly altering the elimination process. Overall, nanoparticle formulation appears to enhance the oral pharmacokinetic performance of tylvalosin in broiler chickens, potentially reducing residue risks and offering substantial application value in poultry medicine.

TL;DR: Researchers developed a novel lyophilized tablet combining self-nanoemulsifying and self-assembled cubic nanoparticles, enhancing bioavailability of lipophilic drugs like Darifenacin hydrobromide, with biphasic release pattern, showing 2.45-fold higher bioavailability and 1.57-fold higher Cmax compared to a marketed product.

TL;DR: This study formulates and evaluates celecoxib-loaded nanosized emulsions as transdermal delivery vehicles to reduce gastrointestinal side effects, increase stability, and improve pharmaceutical and therapeutic properties, demonstrating potential for improved celecoxib delivery.

TL;DR: In this paper, an oil in water nanoemulsion-loaded film was used as a transdermal delivery vehicle for the poorly-soluble drug, carvedilol, at a concentration of 25 mg/ml.

TL;DR: A biopharmaceutics drug classification scheme for correlating in vitro drug product dissolution and in vivo bioavailability is proposed based on recognizing that drug dissolution and gastrointestinal permeability are the fundamental parameters controlling rate and extent of drug absorption.

TL;DR: Compounding, Contemporary, andProcess Chemistry in the Pharmaceutical Industry: Characterization and Function, Volume 19.

TL;DR: The use of microemulsions and closely related microemulsion-based systems as drug delivery vehicles is reviewed, with particular emphasis being placed on recent developments and future directions.

TL;DR: This phase of emulsion optimisation represents an important step in the process of polymeric nanocapsules preparation using nanoprecipitation or interfacial polycondensation combined with spontaneous emulsification technique.