Determinants of resistance to 2′,2′-difluorodeoxycytidine (gemcitabine)

TL;DR: New perspectives for enhancing the efficacy of gemcitabine are outlined after reviewing the related factors of gem citabine metabolism, mechanism of action, and chemoresistance.

TL;DR: Harnessing macrophage-derived exosomes as conveyers of antagomiRs augments the effect of chemotherapy against cancer, opening new therapeutic options against malignancies where resistance to nucleotide analogs remains an obstacle to overcome.

TL;DR: The findings indicate that the cytotoxicity of DS/Cu and the enhancing effect ofDS/Cu on the cytOToxicity of dFdC in GBM stem-like cells may be caused by induction of ROS and inhibition of both ALDH and the NFkB pathway.

TL;DR: The systematic review's research questions relate to the caries-reducing benefits and associated potential health risks of providing fluoride systemically and the use of topical fluoride agents and the hierarchy of study types considered most relevant for answering each of the clinical questions defined in this review was chosen.

TL;DR: In multicellular organisms, homeostasis is maintained through a balance between cell proliferation and cell death, and recent evidence suggests that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases.

TL;DR: Data and reports indicating that S. cerevisiae msh2 mutations cause an instability of dinucleotide repeats like those associated with H NPCC suggest that hMSH2 is the HNPCC gene.

TL;DR: A committee of several scientists who have been involved in the identification and characterization of these enzymes have formed a committee, with the objective of proposing a nomenclature for the human members of this protease family that is sensible and easy to use.

TL;DR: C‐myc expression has been shown to be involved in the initiation of apoptosis in some situations, and bcl‐2 has emerged as a new type of proto‐oncogene that inhibits apoptosis, rather than stimulating mitosis.