Open Access
Determinants and impact of rural-urban migration: a case study of selected communities in Western Nigeria.
Essang Sm,Mabawonku Af +1 more
- 01 Jan 1974
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TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of rural-urban migration on the rural economy in Western Nigeria were analyzed using a multiple regression analysis of 180 families in six villages and 480 migrants from these 180 families who were living in urban areas of Nigeria and in the capital city of Lagos during 1971-72.
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Abstract: Although sociologists, demographers, geographers and anthropologists have carried out a large number of studies of migration in Africa, only recently have economists pursued systematic research on migration. This economic analysis of migration is designed to test a number of hypotheses about the causes of out-migration fror agriculture and the effects of the out-migration on the rural economy in Western Nigeria. Data were collected from 180 families in six villages in Western Nigeria and 480 migrants from these 180 families who were living in urban areas in Western Nigeria and in the capital city of Lagos during 1971-72. The results of a multiple regression analysis of 480 migrants indicate that the age of the rural family, the education level of a migrant, the distance between the migrant's village and an urban centre, the rural-urban earnings differential, and the availability of relatives in urban areas are significant explanatory variables in the rural-urban migration of the villages studied. While the index of urban attractiveness is also positively related to rural-urban migration, the coefficient is not significant at the 5 percent level. With respect to the effects of rural-urban migration on the rural economy, the findings suggest that out-migration is associated with increased outlay on hired labour, increased farm size, higher rural earnings per head and a net transfer of capital, from the rural to urban areas. Several polky implications emerge from the findings of this study. First, there is a need to narrow the urban-rural earnings gap. Second, policy makers should bear in mind that the provision of social amenities in rural areas will not in themselves stem the flow of out-migration unleSs employment opportunities in rural areas are expanded along with social services. Third, since the level of education influences the rate of outmigration from agriculture, educational policy should tailor investment in education to the demand for labour in urban areas. Fourth, the increased cash outlay on hired labour and the net transfer of funds from agriculture accompanying the out-migration process have important implications for the demand for agricultural credit and the process of agricultural development in the Western State of Nigeria.
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Citations
Migration from rural areas of poor countries: The impact on rural productivity and income distribution
TL;DR: The authors argues that townward emigration and its after-effects (remittances, return migration), in turn increase interpersonal and inter-household inequality within and between villages. And they argue that rural-urban migration is much smaller, less permanent and more likely to set up countervailing economic-demographic pressures restoring the rural population share, than received opinion about the urban crisis.
765
The role of urban‐to‐rural remittances in rural development
Henry Rempel,Richard A. Lobdell +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the available evidence on the rural impact of remittances and conclude that there is little evidence that urban-to-rural remittance has been a significant means to rural economic development.
260
The Food Crisis and Agrarian Change in Africa: A Review Essay
TL;DR: The food crisis in Africa is mainly a result of lagging or insufficient agricultural production or whether it is part of a larger crisis of economic management, reflected in chronic balance of payments deficits, rising foreign indebtedness, inflation, low productivity, corruption, waste, and deteriorating standards of living for all but a privileged few as mentioned in this paper.
231
Migration in West Africa: a savanna village perspective.
TL;DR: The good news is that indigenous agricultural and demographic knowledge and practices in Africa may provide the starting point for a sustainable future if the patterns established by colonialism and reinforced by ‘modern’ economic development can be changed.
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Comparative African Experiences in Implementing Educational Policies
John Craig
- 01 Nov 1990
TL;DR: A review of the literature on the implementation of educational policies in sub-Saharan Africa can be found in this article, where the authors discuss the reasons both for past neglect of implementation issues and for the current interest in the subject.
63
References
Determinants of rural-urban migration in Ghana.
TL;DR: Census data are used to demonstrate the effect of rural-urban migration in concentrating persons with certain characteristics in the urban areas and it is shown that only a minor role is played by occupation, conjugal condition and number of dependants.
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