Defining epitopes: It's not as easy as it seems.

TL;DR: In this paper, methods for producing an immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) are described. But the immune response is not a protective immune response.

TL;DR: In this article, an immunogenic composition that includes a mutant Clostridium difficile toxin A and/or a mutant C. diffice toxin B was described, where each mutant toxin includes a glucosyltransferase domain having at least one mutation and a cysteine protease domain with at least 1 mutation relative to the corresponding wild-type C diffice.

TL;DR: This paper used recombinant bacteria and immunogenic compositions comprising the bacteria to induce an immune response against C. perfringens, and the immunogenic composition may be used to induce the immune response.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present compositions comprising Wnt antagonists and methods of treating Wnt-associated diseases and disorders, such as cancer, inducing differentiation, and reducing the frequency of cancer stem cells, as well as novel methods of screening for such WNT antagonists.

TL;DR: The overall folding of these mutant proteins was indistinguishable from that of the wild-type hGH, as determined by strong cross-reactivities with seven different conformationally sensitive monoclonal antibodies.

TL;DR: The surface topology of the thrombin molecule indicates positions P1'-P3', differ from those of the canonical serine-proteinase inhibitors, suggesting a mechanical model for the switching ofThrombin activity from fibrinogen cleavage to protein-C activation on thrombomodulin complex formation.

TL;DR: The term specificity is derived from the word species and shares with it an inherent fuzziness based on the absence of sharp boundaries between closely related entities and this poses no threat to the unabated further development of immunochemical analysis.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that rational site-directed mutagenesis of residues controlling Na+ binding can profoundly alter the properties of a serine protease, and by suppressing Na+binding to thrombin, the balance between procoagulant and anticoagulants activities of the enzyme is shifted.