Journal Article10.1128/CMR.12.1.40
Current and Emerging Azole Antifungal Agents
1.1K
TL;DR: Present and future uses of the currently available azole antifungal agents in the treatment of systemic and superficial fungal infections are described and a brief overview of the current status of in vitro susceptibility testing and the growing problem of clinical resistance to the azoles is provided.
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Abstract: Major developments in research into the azole class of antifungal agents during the 1990s have provided expanded options for the treatment of many opportunistic and endemic fungal infections. Fluconazole and itraconazole have proved to be safer than both amphotericin B and ketoconazole. Despite these advances, serious fungal infections remain difficult to treat, and resistance to the available drugs is emerging. This review describes present and future uses of the currently available azole antifungal agents in the treatment of systemic and superficial fungal infections and provides a brief overview of the current status of in vitro susceptibility testing and the growing problem of clinical resistance to the azoles. Use of the currently available azoles in combination with other antifungal agents with different mechanisms of action is likely to provide enhanced efficacy. Detailed information on some of the second-generation triazoles being developed to provide extended coverage of opportunistic, endemic, and emerging fungal pathogens, as well as those in which resistance to older agents is becoming problematic, is provided.
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Immobilization of Porphyrinatocopper Nanoparticles onto Activated Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes and a Study of its Catalytic Activity as an Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for a Click Approach to the Three‐Component Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Triazoles in Water
Hashem Sharghi,Mohammad Hassan Beyzavi,Afsaneh Safavi,Mohammad Mahdi Doroodmand,Reza Khalifeh +4 more
TL;DR: In this paper, an efficient, regioselective, one-pot and two-step synthesis of β-hydroxy 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles from a wide range of nonactivated terminal alkynes and epoxides and sodium azide by way of a three-component click reaction using a catalytic amount of [meso-tetrakis(o-chlorophenyl)porphyrinato]copper(II) (5 mol%) in excellent isolated yields is described.
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New triazoles and echinocandins: mode of action, in vitro activity and mechanisms of resistance
TL;DR: This review attempts to deliver the most up-to-date knowledge on the mode of action and mechanisms of resistance to triazoles and echinocandins in fungal pathogens.
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Evaluation of carvacrol and eugenol as prophylaxis and treatment of vaginal candidiasis in an immunosuppressed rat model
TL;DR: Carvacrol and eugenol could be considered as promising products in the treatment of vaginal candidiasis and are a preliminary contribution to the development of a new generation of efficient and natural antifungal agents for curative treatment and prophylaxis.
Current antifungal drugs and immunotherapeutic approaches as promising strategies to treatment of fungal diseases.
TL;DR: The features of current research efforts directed towards devising safe and effective immunotherapeutic options for fungal infections are reviewed, including work on antifungal vaccines, engineered T-cells, cytokines, monoclonal antibodies, and other agents.
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In Vitro Activities of 5-Fluorocytosine against 8,803 Clinical Isolates of Candida spp.: Global Assessment of Primary Resistance Using National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards Susceptibility Testing Methods
M. A. Pfaller,Shawn A. Messer,Linda D. Boyken,Holly K. Huynh,Richard J. Hollis,Daniel J. Diekema +5 more
TL;DR: The in vitro activity of 5FC, combined with previous data demonstrating a prolonged post-antifungal effect (2.5 to 4 h) and concentration-independent activity (optimized at 4× MIC), suggest that 5FC could be used in lower doses to reduce host toxicity while maintaining antifungAL efficacy.
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