Cultivar Differences in Root Nitrogen Uptake Ability of Maize Hybrids.
TL;DR: The N uptake ability of roots in the N-efficient cultivar ZH 311 is significantly greater than that in theN-inefficient cultivar XY 508, and that this advantage is more pronounced under N-deficient conditions.
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Abstract: Although considerable differences in root size in response to nitrogen (N) application among crop species and cultivars have been widely reported, there has been limited focus on the differences in root N uptake ability. In this study, two maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids, Zhenghong 311 (ZH 311, N-efficient) and Xianyu 508 (XY 508, N-inefficient), were used to compare differences in root N uptake ability. The two cultivars were grown in field pots (Exp. I) and hydroponic cultures (Exp. II) supplemented with different concentrations of N fertilizer. In both experiments, the levels of accumulated N were higher in ZH 311 than in XY 508 under low- and high-N supply, and the increment in accumulated N was greater under N deficiency. The maximum N uptake rate (Vm) and average N uptake rate (Va) in Exp. I, the root N kinetic parameter maximum uptake rate (Vmax) per fresh weight (FW) and Vmax per plant in Exp. II, and the root N uptake rate in both experiments were significantly higher for ZH 311 than for XY 508. In contrast, the root-to-shoot N ratio in both experiments and the root N kinetic parameter Michaelis constant (Km) in in Exp. II were markedly higher in XY 508 than in ZH 311, particularly under N-deficient conditions. Higher root N kinetic parameters Vmax per FW and Vmax per plant and lower Km values contributed to higher N affinity and uptake potential, more coordinated N distribution in the root and shoot, and higher root N uptake rates throughout the growth stages, thus enhancing the N accumulation and yield of the N-efficient maize cultivar. We conclude that the N uptake ability of roots in the N-efficient cultivar ZH 311 is significantly greater than that in the N-inefficient cultivar XY 508, and that this advantage is more pronounced under N-deficient conditions. The efficient N acquisition in ZH 311 is due to higher N uptake rate per root FW under optimal N conditions and the comprehensive effects of root size and N uptake rate per root FW under N deficiency.
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Citations
Grain-filling characteristics and yield differences of maize cultivars with contrasting nitrogen efficiencies
TL;DR: A 100% basal fertilizer ratio not only increased the number of kernels per ear, but also maintained high grain filling characteristics to obtain a higher 100-kernel weight and increased the population filling rate, leading to a high grain yield in the N-inefficient cultivar.
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Shoot and root traits of summer maize hybrid varieties with higher grain yields and higher nitrogen use efficiency at low nitrogen application rates.
TL;DR: ZD958 can maintain a higher grain yield at lower nitrogen rates in a similar manner to N-efficient maize hybrid varieties, which can increase the grain yield and NUE under low nitrogen conditions.
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Construction of a critical nitrogen dilution curve for maize in Southwest China.
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TL;DR: Experimental data reinforce the concept that selecting nitrogen-efficient maize cultivars is an effective technical measure to reduce nitrogen input needs and increase nitrogen use efficiency during maize production and find a highly significant quadratic convex function relationship between the NNI and the nitrogen fertilizer level.
Non-structural carbohydrates in maize with different nitrogen tolerance are affected by nitrogen addition.
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Nitrogen application affects maize grain filling by regulating grain water relations
Yawei Wu,Bo Zhao,Xiao-Long Li,Qinhu Liu,Dong-ju Feng,Tianqiong Lan,Fan Lei Kong,Qiang Li,Jichao Yuan +8 more
TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated the changes in grain dry weight and water relations in maize grains by using hybrids with contrasting nitrogen efficiencies under differing nitrogen levels, and found that the use of high N-efficient hybrids, combined with the reduction of nitrogen application rate, can coordinate basal-middle and apical grain drying down to ensure yield.
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