Book Chapter10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.00201-1
Cosmochemical Estimates of Mantle Composition
TL;DR: The composition of the primitive mantle derived by as mentioned in this paper shows that Earth was assembled from material that shows many of the same chemical fractionation processes as chondritic meteorites. But the stable isotope record excludes chondrite meteorites as the ‘building blocks’ of Earth.
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Abstract: The composition of the primitive mantle derived here shows that Earth was assembled from material that shows many of the same chemical fractionation processes as chondritic meteorites. These processes occurred at the initial stage of the solar system formation, under conditions thought to be present in the solar nebula. But the stable isotope record excludes chondritic meteorites as the ‘building blocks’ of Earth. Meteorites formed in local environments separated from that part of the inner solar system where much of the material forming the terrestrial planets was sourced.
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Citations
Integrated geophysical‐petrological modeling of the lithosphere and sublithospheric upper mantle: Methodology and applications
TL;DR: In this article, a finite element code (LitMod) is used to produce 2-D forward models from the surface to the 410-km discontinuity, which combines data from petrology, mineral physics, and geophysical observables within a selfconsistent framework.
Vanadium: Global (bio)geochemistry
TL;DR: Vanadium has a history of application as a redox tracer to address the early accretion history of the Earth, identify connections between the mantle and crust by subduction and melting, and to interpret past surface environments.
273
Mediterranean Tertiary lamproites derived from multiple source components in postcollisional geodynamics
TL;DR: In the Mediterranean area, lamproites are derived from melts with three components involved in their origin, characterized by contrasting geochemical features which appear in 206Pb/204Pb, 87Sr/86Sr, and 143Nd/144Nd space as discussed by the authors.
269
Craton reactivation on the Labrador Sea margins: 40Ar/39Ar age and Sr–Nd–Hf–Pb isotope constraints from alkaline and carbonatite intrusives
Sebastian Tappe,Stephen F. Foley,Andreas Stracke,Rolf L. Romer,Bruce A. Kjarsgaard,Larry M. Heaman,Nancy Joyce +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the once-contiguous North Atlantic craton (NAC) is crosscut by the Labrador Sea that opened during the Early Cenozoic after extensive Mesozoic continental rifting and removal of cratonic mantle.
268
Tungsten geochemistry and implications for understanding the Earth's interior
TL;DR: In this paper, an extensive suite of modern basalts was analyzed for trace element chemistry via laser ablation ICP-MS, with barium (Ba), thorium (Th), uranium (U), and tungsten (W) concentrations typically determined to ≤ 5% (2σ) uncertainty.
266
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared the relative abundances of the refractory elements in carbonaceous, ordinary, and enstatite chondritic meteorites and found that the most consistent composition of the Earth's core is derived from the seismic profile and its interpretation, compared with primitive meteorites, and chemical and petrological models of peridotite-basalt melting relationships.
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Composition of the Continental Crust
Roberta L. Rudnick,Shan Gao +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the present-day composition of the continental crust, the methods employed to derive these estimates, and the implications of continental crust composition for the formation of the continents, Earth differentiation, and its geochemical inventories are discussed.
The Chemical Composition of the Sun
TL;DR: The solar chemical composition is an important ingredient in our understanding of the formation, structure, and evolution of both the Sun and our Solar System as discussed by the authors, and it is an essential refer...
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