Cosmic ray effects on the isotope composition of hydrogen and noble gases in lunar samples: Insights from Apollo 12018

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors show the prominence of water (OH/H2O) attributed to solar wind implantation on the uppermost surface of olivine, plagioclase, and pyroxene grains from Chang'E-5 samples.

TL;DR: In this article, the nitrogen and hydrogen isotopic signatures of angrite melts were investigated by in situ secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analyses of mineral-hosted melt inclusions and interstitial glass in two of the oldest volcanic angrites: D'Orbigny and Sahara 99555.

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors report the concentrations and isotope ratios of light noble gases (He, Ne, Ar) in 10 small basalt fragments derived from lunar regolith soils at the Apollo 12 landing site.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors combined an automated gas extraction and purification system with a Thermo Fisher ARGUS VI mass spectrometer for high throughput, high precision Ne isotope analysis.

TL;DR: In this paper, the integral specific absorption coefficients of 1.39 ± 0.14 (lσ), 7.09======± 0.32, and 15.6 ± 0.94 /(ppm H_2O) for pyrope, augite, and enstatite were determined by manometry after heating the samples and extracting H 2 gas under vacuum.

TL;DR: Quantitative ion microprobe measurements of late-stage apatite from lunar basalt 14053 are reported that document concentrations of H, Cl and S that are indistinguishable from apatites in common terrestrial igneous rocks, suggesting portions of the lunar mantle or crust are more volatile-rich than previously thought.

TL;DR: Water has been found in many lunar rock samples, but its sources are unknown as discussed by the authors, and isotopic analyses of Apollo samples of lunar mare basalts and highlands rocks suggest that a significant volume of water was delivered to the Moon by comets shortly after its formation by giant impact.