Cortical Dysmaturation in Congenital Heart Disease.

TL;DR: Recent evidence that primary impairment of neuronal maturation of gray matter structures in the human preterm infant is common, important and likely modifiable is discussed.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors found that infants with complex congenital heart defects who were delivered before 37 weeks gestational age and received neonatal open-heart surgery (OHS) have poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes in early childhood compared with those born at term gestation.

TL;DR: For example, this paper found that children with symptomatic congenital heart defects (CHDs) at birth (cyanosis and/or heart failure) are at greater risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes at 8 years of age.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors define challenges inherent in building a common protocol across sites with variable expertise and propose a tentative framework for evaluation of design decisions for both normative and high-risk populations, in the setting of the post-COVID era.

TL;DR: A miniaturized spinning bioreactor (SpinΩ) is developed to generate forebrain-specific organoids from human iPSCs that recapitulate key features of human cortical development, including progenitor zone organization, neurogenesis, gene expression, and, notably, a distinct human-specific outer radial glia cell layer.

TL;DR: Current understanding of neocortical interneuron diversity and the properties that distinguish cell types are reviewed and it is illustrated how recent advances in the field have shed light onto the mechanisms by which GABAergic inhibition contributes to network operations.

TL;DR: This chapter is intended to provide an overview of some very basic principles of brain development, drawn from contemporary developmental neurobiology, that may be of use to investigators from a wide range of disciplines.

TL;DR: A CHD algorithm for surveillance, screening, evaluation, reevaluation, and management of developmental disorder or disability has been constructed to serve as a supplement to the 2006 American Academy of Pediatrics statement on developmental surveillance and screening.