Journal Article10.1109/MCOM.2004.1367562
Correlation and capacity of MIMO systems and mutual coupling, radiation efficiency, and diversity gain of their antennas: simulations and measurements in a reverberation chamber
Per-Simon Kildal,Kent Rosengren +1 more
631
TL;DR: This work explains how MIMO and diversity antennas with mutual coupling can be analyzed by classical embedded element patterns that can be computed by standard computer codes and how the radiation efficiency, diversity gain, correlation, and channel capacity can be measured in a reverberation chamber.
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Abstract: MIMO systems are characterized by their maximum available capacity, which is reduced if there is correlation between the signals on different channels. The correlation is primarily caused by mutual coupling between the elements of the antenna arrays on both the receiving and transmitting sides. Similarly, diversity antennas can be characterized by a diversity gain that also is affected by mutual coupling between the antennas. We explain how such MIMO and diversity antennas with mutual coupling can be analyzed by classical embedded element patterns that can be computed by standard computer codes. In the MIMO example under investigation, the mutual coupling reduces both correlation, which increases the capacity, and radiation efficiency, which decreases it, and the combined effect is a net capacity reduction. We also explain how the radiation efficiency, diversity gain, correlation, and channel capacity can be measured in a reverberation chamber. The measurements show good agreement with simulations.
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References
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that the measurement accuracy can be significantly improved by rotating the antenna under test, which is referred to as platform stirring, and demonstrate in the 900 MHz GSM band by measurements in a reverberation chamber of dimensions 1.0 m×0.8 m×1.0m.
188
Study of distributions of modes and plane waves in reverberation chambers for the characterization of antennas in a multipath environment
Kent Rosengren,Per-Simon Kildal +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the angular plane-wave distribution in a rectangular metallic cavity is analyzed in detail, and the results show that the angular distribution in space is uniform provided that the three linear dimensions of the cavity are sufficiently large, and do not deviate too much from each other.
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Mutual coupling, gain and directivity of an array of two identical antennas
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that mutual coupling is a natural and desirable effect in array behavior, and that a smaller value of mutual coupling would give lower gain than the optimum case.
113
Detection of a polarization imbalance in reverberation chambers and how to remove it by polarization stirring when measuring antenna efficiencies
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the results depend strongly on the orientation of the antenna under test and thereby on its polarization, and how this imbalance can be removed by using three orthogonal fixed antennas instead of one.
106