Context, ambiguity, and unlearning: sources of relapse after behavioral extinction.

TL;DR: The current state of scientific evidence for the individual components of the fear-avoidance model: pain severity, pain catastrophizing, attention to pain, escape/avoidance behavior, disability, disuse, and vulnerabilities is reviewed.

TL;DR: Evidence that extinction does not destroy the original learning, but instead generates new learning that is especially context-dependent is reviewed, consistent with behavioral models that emphasize the role of generalization decrement and expectation violation.

TL;DR: The neural mechanisms of fear extinction in humans are explored and activation in the vmPFC was primarily linked to the expression of fear learning during a delayed test of extinction, indicating that the mechanisms of extinction learning may be preserved across species.

TL;DR: Studies of Pavlovian fear conditioning and extinction in rodents and humans suggest that a neural circuit including the hippocampus, amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex is involved in the learning and memory processes that enable context-dependent behaviour.

TL;DR: Evidence suggested that the ability of fear-weakening treatments to prevent fear renewal reflected the combined effects of transfer of extinction across treatment and test contexts and habituation to the unconditioned stimulus.

TL;DR: A research strategy is described that confirms that food deprivation states produce salient interoceptive stimuli in rats and implications for the physiological origins of energy state signals, the brain structures involved with processing energy state information, and the manner in which signals of energy need influence feeding were considered.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of contextual conditioning on conditioned appetitive performance were examined with rat subjects and the results showed that contextual conditioning had a significant effect on the appetitive behavior of the rat.