Computer simulation of hydraulic fractures

TL;DR: In this article, a zero-thickness finite element was developed to model the fracture propagation in a poroelastic medium, and the fluid-driven fracture propagation is governed by a cohesive zone model and the flow within the fracture by the lubrication equation.

TL;DR: A review of the basic approaches for hydraulic fracture simulation can be found in this article, where the authors discuss both continuum and meso-scales numerical methods as well as engineering models which typically make use of additional assumptions to reduce computational cost.

TL;DR: In this article, a macroscopic framework is proposed for a continuum phase field modeling of fracture in porous media, which provides a rigorous geometric approach to a diffusive crack modeling based on the introduction of a constitutive balance equation for a regularized crack surface and its modular linkage to a Darcy-Biot type bulk response of hydro-poro-elasticity.

TL;DR: In this paper, a new slurry-transport model incorporated into a fully 3D fracture simulator was proposed to account for the effects of singleparticle settling, density-driven flow, particle-velocity profiles, and slurry rheology.

TL;DR: In this article, an analytic procedure for calculating vertical fracture extent in symmetrical trilayered formations was extended to multilayed, asymmetrical formations using a semianalytic technique.

TL;DR: In this paper, the propagation of non-planar hydraulic fractures is modelled using a three-dimensional numerical simulator, and different components of the model (stress/displacement analysis, fluid-flow analysis, propagation criterion) with an emphasis on the numerical techniques used.